Bibliography of Publications & Presentations of CIREN Centers By Year

2016

Hartka T, Poplin G, McMurray T, Sochor M. Patterns rib fractures based on primary direction of force in motor vehicle collisions. National Association of EMS Physicians 2016 Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. January, 2016.

Hartka T, Forman J, Poplin G, Sochor M, Shaw G, Crandall J. Investigation of mechanism and injuries from submarining events in real-world motor vehicle collisions: A case series from the CIREN database. Short communication. Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, September, 2016. [Acceptance pending]

McMurry TL, Poplin GS, Crandall JR. Functional recovery patterns in seriously injured automotive crash Victims. 2016; Under peer review

2015

Danelson KA, Stitzel JD. Finite Element Model Prediction of Pulmonary Contusion in Vehicle-To-Vehicle Simulations of Real-World Crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2015; 46(4): 627-636.

Gaewsky JP, Weaver AA, Koya B, Stitzel JD. Driver Injury Risk Variability in Finite Element Reconstructions of Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Frontal Motor Vehicle Crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Special Issue, 2015, 16(Sup2):S124-S131.

Golman AJ, Danelson KA, Stitzel JD. Robust Human Body Model Injury Prediction in Simulated Side Impact Crashes.Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2015 July 9:1-16.

Hartka T, Poplin G, Sochor M. Incidences of Bilateral 1st Rib Fractures Compared to Other Levels Due to Real-world Motor Vehicle Collisions. National Association of EMS Physicians 2015 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LO. January 23, 2015.

Hartka T, Poplin G, McMurray T, Sochor M. “Analysis of first rib fractures in motor vehicles collisions: still a hallmark of severe trauma?” Short communication. Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. October 2015.

Poplin GS, McMurry TL, Forman JL, Hartka T, Park G, Shaw G, Shin J, Kim HJ, Crandall J. Nature and etiology of hollow-organ abdominal injuries in frontal crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2015; 78: 51-57.

Urban JE, Whitlow CT, Stitzel JD, Investigation of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Volume in Motor Vehicle Crash Occupants, Trauma Cases and Reviews, Vol 1:021, 2015.

Weaver AA, Beavers KM, Hightower RC, Lynch SK, Miller AN, Stitzel JD. Lumbar Bone Mineral Density Phantom-Less Computed Tomography Measurements and Correlation with Age and Fracture Incidence. Traffic Injury Prevention, Association for the Advancement Of Automotive Medicine Special Issue, 2015, 16(Sup2):S153-S160.

Ye, X., Funk, J, Forbes, A, Hurwitz, S, Shaw, CG, Crandall, JR, Freeth, R, Michetti, C, Rudd, R, Scarboro, M. (2015). Case series analysis of hindfoot injuries sustained by drivers in frontal motor vehicle crashes. Forensic science International, 254, 18-25.

Ye X, Poplin GS, Bose D, Forbes AL, Hurwitz S, Shaw CG, Crandall J. Analysis of crash parameters and driver characteristics associated with lower limb injury. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2015; 83: 37-46.

2014

ATD Spine Response as a Function of Crash Pulse Input. Traffic Injury Prevention; Volume 16, Supplement 2, 2015 ; Special Issue: Peer-Reviewed Journal for the 59th Annual Scientific Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM), October 2015 (2014)

Short Communications from AAAM's 58th Annual Scientific Conference, Traffic Injury Prevention, 15:sup1, S254-S256, DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.956646

Davidson, Giana H., MD, MPH,. Rivara, Frederick P,. Mack, Christopher D, Kaufman, Robert, Jurkovich, Gregory J., Bulger, Eileen M. MD, Washington Validation of Prehospital Trauma Triage Criteria for Motor Vehicle Collisions, Journal of Trauma Acute Care Surgery. Volume 76, Number 3, 2014.

Figler, Bradley D., Mack, Christopher D., Kaufman, Robert, Wessells, Hunter, Bulger, Eileen, Smith, Thomas G. III, Voelzke, Bryan. Crash test rating and likelihood of major thoracoabdominal injury in motor vehicle crashes: The New Car Assessment Program Side-Impact Crash Test Journal of Trauma Acute Care Surgery - Volume 76, Number 3, 2014.

Gaewsky JP, Danelson KA, Weaver CM, Stitzel JD. Optimization of a Simplified Automobile Finite Element Model Using Time Varying Injury Metrics. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 2014; 50:83-91.

Golman AJ, Danelson KA, Miller LE, Stitzel JD. Injury Prediction in a Side Impact Crash Using Human Body Model Simulation. Accident Analysis and Prevention 2014 Mar; 64:1-8.

Hartka, T, Sochor, MR, Hersi, K, Booker, A, Poplin, G. (2014) Comparison of Visual and CT 3D Reconstructed Abdominal Seat Belt Sign Locations. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine (AAAM), 58: 247-249.

Hartka T, Poplin G, Hersi K, Booker A, Sochor M. “Comparison of visual and CT 3D reconstructed abdominal seatbelt sign locations.” Short communication. Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Munich, Germany. October 2014.

Hartka T, Poplin G, Hersi K, Booker A, Sochor M, Heltzel S. “Comparison of AIS 1990 update 98 versus AIS 2005 for describing living subject injuries from rollover collisions in the CIREN database.” Short communication. Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Munich, Germany. October 2014.

Hartka T, Poplin G, Booker A, Hersi K, Sochor M. "Analysis of Injury Severity Associated With Pattern And Location Of Seatbelt Induced External Injury.” Lightning Abstract Presentation. Society of Academy Emergency Medicine - Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting, Philadelphia, PA. February 22, 2014.

Hartka T, Poplin G, Booker A, Hersi K, Sochor M. "Analysis of Injury Severity Associated With Pattern And Location Of Seatbelt Induced External Injury.” Society of Academy Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting. Dallas, TX. May 17, 2014.

Hartka, T, Poplin, G, Hersi, K, Booker, A, Sochor, MR, Heltzel, S. (2014) Comparison of AIS 1990 Update 98 Versus AIS 2005 for Describing Living Subject Injuries from Rollover. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine (AAAM), 58: 262-265.

Hirsch C, Sochor M, Hartka T. “Successful Retrieval of Electronic Data Recorder Information for the CIREN Database.” North American Emergency Medical System. National Association of EMS Physicians 2014 Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ. January 17, 2014.

Loftis KL, Swett KR, Martin RS, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD. Similarity Scoring Methodology for Comparing Real-World Cases To Crash Test Standards. International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2014;19(1):57-70.

Melmer, M, Nguyen, A, Hartka, T, Crandall, J, Sochor, M. (2014) AIS Coding Methodology for Rib Fractures Sustained in Motor Vehicle Collisions. 13th Annual Medical Student Research Symposium, University of Virginia School of Medicine. November 2014

Nguyen, A, Melmer, M, Hartka, T, Crandall, J, Sochor, M. (2014) Significance of footwear in Severity
of Lower Extremity Injuries in Frontal Motor Vehicle Collisions. 13th Annual Medical Student Research Symposium, University of Virginia School of Medicine. November 2014
.
Ye, X, Panzer, MB, Shaw, CG, Crandall, JR. (2014) Driver lower extremity Response to Out of Position Knee Airbag Deployment. Paper IRC-14-27, Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI), Berlin, Germany.

Yoganandan, N.,. Arun, MWJ; Halloway,DE; Pintar, FA; Maiman, DC; Szabo, A & Rudd, RW (2014) Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts, Traffic Injury Prevention, 15:sup1, S27-S34, DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.93577

2013

Crandall J, Bose D, Forbes A, Ye X, Serlemitsos K, Sochor M, Hurwitz S, Freeth R, Rizzo A, Vo C, Rudd R, Scarboro M. Case study analysis of hind-foot injuries sustained by drivers in motor vehicle crashes. Submitted to 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Seoul, Korea May 27-30, 2013

DeRosia J, Pintar F, Halloway D, Meyer M, Yoganandan Y. Seat Pan Loading Differences Using a New Test Apparatus. Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, 2013. 13-0102.

Barnard RT, Loftis KL, Martin RS, Stitzel JD. “Development of a robust mapping between AIS 2+ and ICD-9 injury codes”. Accident Analysis & Prevention, March 2013, Vol 52: 133-143.

Kaufman R, Ching R, Mack C, Gross J, Bulger E. Burst Fractures of the Lumbar Spine in Frontal Crashes, Accident Analysis and Prevention – 59 (2013 Oct.) pp. 153-163 - DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.023.

Loftis KL, Swett KR, Martin RS, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD. “Similarity scoring methodology for comparing real-world cases to crash test standards” International Journal of Crashworthiness, Accepted 2013 Aug.

Loftis KL, Martin RS, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD. “A Similarity Scoring Technique for the Comparison of Real-World Crashes to Crash Tests: Initial Results from a 12-Point System”, International Journal of Vehicle Safety, 2013 July; 6(3): 191-212.

Stadter G, Yoganandan N, Halloway D, Pintar F. Analysis of Nearside Narrow Object Impacts with and without Shoulder Injuries in Rear-World Crashes. Annual Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact Conference 2013

Weaver AA, Loftis KL, Stitzel JD. “Investigation of the Safety Effects of Knee Bolster Airbag Deployment in Similar Real-World Crash Comparisons.” Traffic Injury Prevention, 2013; Jan: 14(2).

Yoganandan N, Stadter G, Halloway D, Pintar F. Injury Patterns to Other Body Regions and Load Vectors in Nearside Impact Occupants With and Without Shoulder Injuries. Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 2013

2012

Ayoung-Chee P, Mack C.D., Kaufman R., Bulger E., Predicting Severe Injury Using Vehicle Telemetry Data (In Review with Journal of Trauma)

Crandall J, Bose D, Bollapragada B, Lockerby J, Kerrigan JR, Sochor M, Arregui-Dalmases C . 2012. Attribution of Injury to Planar and Rollover Events for Occupants Involved in Multiple Event Rollovers. Proceedings of the 2012 International Crashworthiness Conference July 18-20, Milano, Italy.

Foster JB, Kerrigan JR, Nightingale RW, Funk JR, Cormier JM, Bose D, Sochor MR, Ridella SA, Ash JH, Crandall JR. Analysis of Cervical Spine Injuries and Mechanisms for CIREN Rollover Crashes. Proceedings of the International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury, Paper #IRC-12-15-rev, Dublin, Ireland 2012.

Griffin R, Huisingh C, McGwin G Jr, Reiff D. Association between side-impact airbag deployment and risk of injury: A matched cohort study using the CIREN and the NASS-CDS. Journal of Trauma Acute Care Surgery. 2012 Oct;73(4):914-8. doi: 10.1097

Halloway D, Pintar F, Saunders J, Barsan-Anelli A, , Classifiers to Augment the CDC System to Distinguish the Role of Structure in a Frontal Impact Taxonomy. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars– Mechanical Systems. July 2012;5:3

Kaufman R., Ching, R., Mack, C., Gross J., Bulger E. Burst Fractures of the Lumbar Spine in Frontal Crashes, Accident Analysis and Prevention -In review March 2012.

Kerrigan JR, Arregui-Dalmases C, Crandall J, Rizzo A. 2012. Pedestrian Injury Analysis: Field data vs. laboratory experiments. IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Dublin, Irelan, September 14, 2012

Loftis KL, Martin RS, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD. “A similarity scoring technique for the comparison of real-world crashes to crash tests: Initial results from a 12-point system.” Journal of Automobile Engineering, February 2012.

Loftis KL, Martin RS, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD. “A similarity scoring technique to analyze comparisons of real-world crashes to crash tests: Initial results from a 12-point system.” International Journal of Vehicle Safety August 31, 2012.

Martin RS. The Elderly Motor Vehicle Crash Victim: Lessons Learned from the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN). Presented at the 2012 Blueprint to Save More Lives Conference, Branson, MO, October 26th, 2012.

Mueller B, Nolan J, Zuby D, Rizzo A.Pedestrian Injury Patters in the United States and Relevance to GTR. International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact 2012 Conference, Dublin, Ireland. Presented September 14, 2012.

Patel V, Griffin R, Eberhardt AW, McGwin G Jr. The association between knee airbag deployment and knee-thigh-hip fracture injury risk in motor vehicle collisions: A matched cohort study. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2012 Aug 9.

Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Scarboro M, Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures in Frontal Impact Crashes. Annals of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 2012;56:277-83

Rizzo, A. Emerging Trends for Pedestrian and Cyclist Injuries: Lessons Learned from CIREN. International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact 2012 Conference, Dublin, Ireland. Presented September 11, 2012.

Rizzo, A, Aldaghlas, TA, Schwartzbach, C, Burke, C. Patterns and Causes of Humerus Fractures in Pedestrians vs. Motor Vehicle Crashes. International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact 2012 conference, Dublin, Ireland.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Burch CA, Kerns TJ, Kufera J, Andersen D. Frailty and injury causation. Ann Adv Automot
Med. 56: 175-81, 2012.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, McGwin G Jr, Griffin RL. Degree of urbanization and mortality from motor vehicular crashes.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 56:183-90, 2012.

Sochor M, Bose D, Tobaru S, Kerrigan J, Crandall, J. 2012. Injury Risk Comparison for Single Event versus Multiple Event Primary Rollovers. IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. In Preparation.

Urban JE, Whitlow CW, Edgerton CA, Maldjian JA, Powers AK, Stitzel JD. “Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Subdural Hematoma from Real-World Head Impact Data.” Journal of Neurotrauma, August 28, 2012.

Weaver AA, Loftis KL, Stitzel JD. “Investigation of the Safety Effects of Knee Bolster Airbag Deployment in Similar Real-World Crash Comparisons.” Traffic Injury Prevention, Accepted, May 2012.

Weaver AA, Danelson KA, Armstrong EG, Hoth JJ, Stitzel JD. “Investigation of pulmonary contusion extent and its correlation to crash, occupant, and injury characteristics in motor vehicle crashes.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, May 2012.

2011

Aldaghlas, TA, Burke C, Stadter G, Greene D, Fakhry SM, Rizzo AG. Major Splenic Injury Resulting from Minor Side Impact Crashes Journal of Trauma Nursing vol 18(1) 2011 March: 24-28.

Bohman K, Arbogast KB, Bostrom O. Head injury causation scenarios for belted, rear-seated children in frontal impacts. Traffic Injury Prevention. Vol 12(1) . 2011 Feb:62-70

Bose, D, Kerrigan, JR, Foster, JB, Crandall, JR, Tobaru, S. 2011. Planar Impacts in Rollover Crashes: Significance, Distribution and Injury Epidemiology. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine. Vol. 55.

Chong M, Broome G, Mahadeva D, Wang, S. Upper Extremity Injuries in Restrained Front-Seat Occupants After Motor Vehicle Crashes. Journal of Trauma, Vol 70(4) 2011 Apr: 838-844

Danelson, K.A., Chiles, C., Thompson, A.B., Donadino K, Weaver, A.A., Stitzel, J.D., “Correlating the extent of pulmonary contusion to vehicle crash parameters in near-side crashes,” Ann Adv Automot Med. 2011;55:217-230.

Danelson, K.A., Gayzik, F.S., Stern, A.R., Hoth, J.J., Stitzel, J.D., Design, development and analysis of a pulmonary surrogate for pulmonary injury prediction. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011; 39(10): 2560-2567.

Duma SM, Cormier JM, Hurst WJ, Stitzel JD, Herring IP. “Experimental Analysis of Airbag Seam Design: High-rate Shear Testing for Skin Abrasions.” J Automobile Engineering, Oct 2011, doi:10.1177/0954407011421421.

Duma SM, Kemper AR, Stitzel JD, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Matsuoka F. Rib fracture timing in dynamic belt tests with human cadavers. Clin Anat. 2011; 24:327-338.

Hallman JJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ. Injury differences between small and large overlap frontal crashes. Annuls of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. 2011;55:147-57

Loftis, K.L., Weaver, A.A., Stitzel, J.D. “Investigating the Effects of Side Airbag Deployment in Real-World Crashes Using Crash Comparison Techniques.” Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 2011.

Loftis, K.L., Pranikoff, T., Anthony, E.Y., Meredith, J. W., Martin, R.S., Stitzel, J.D. “Pediatric Occupants, Restraint Use, and Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes.” Biomedical Sciences and Instrumentation, 2011; 47.

Mutter MK, MD, Eucker SA, MD, Wu E, Bose D, PhD, Sochor M,: "The Benefit of Side Bags for Head Injury in Near-Side Side-Impact Collisions"; 5th Annual GME Research Symposium, November 4, 2011; UVA Jordan Hall Conference Center Auditorium.

Richmond R, Aldaghlas TA, Burke C, Rizzo AG, Griffen M, Pullarkat R. Age: Is It All in the Head?Factors Influencing Mortality in Elderly Patients With Head Injuries Journal of Trauma Vol. 20, 2011 Mar

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, McGwin G, Griffin RL. Crash-related mortality and model year: are newer vehicles
safer? Ann Adv Automot Med. 55:113-21, 2011.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC. Improving trauma triage using basic crash scene data. Ann Adv Automot Med. 55:337-46, 2011.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC. Disparities in trauma center access of older injured motor vehicular crash occupants.
J Trauma. Sep;71(3):742-7, 2011.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC. Scene mobility status as a predictor of injury severity and mortality due to
vehicular crashes. J Trauma. Sep;71(3):737-41, 2011.

Schneider, Lawrence W.; Rupp, Jonathan D.; Scarboro, Mark; Pintar, Frank; Arbogast, Kristy B.; Rudd, Rodney W.; Sochor, Mark R.; Stitzel, Joel; Sherwood, Chris; MacWilliams, Joel B.; Halloway, Dale; Ridella, Stephen and Eppinger, Rolf (2011) 'BioTab-A New Method for Analyzing and Documenting Injury Causation in Motor-Vehicle Crashes', Traffic Injury Prevention, 12: 3, 256 - 265

Sochor MR, Eucker SA, Mutter MK: "Examination of the Impact of Airbags on Head Injury in Side Impact Motor Vehicle Collisions Using a National Database"; 5th Annual Graduate Medical Education Research Symposium, UVA Health System, November 14, 2011

Sochor MR, Mutter MK: "Frontal vs Side Impact Car Crashes on Head Injury Types and Outcomes"; 5th Annual Graduate Medical Education Research Symposium, UVA Health System, November 14, 2011

Stein DM, Kufera JA, Ho SM, Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, O’Connor JV, Scalea TM. Occupant and crash
characteristics for case occupants with cervical spine injuries sustained in motor vehicle collisions. J
Trauma. Feb;70(2):299-309, 2011.

Urban JE, Withlow CW, Edgerton CA, Maldjian JA, Powers AK, Stitzel JD. "Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Subdural Hematoma from Real-World Head Impact Data." Journal of Neruotrauma, August 2012

Yoganandan N, Fitzharris M, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Rinaldi J, Maiman DJ, Fildes BN . Demographics, Velocity Distributions, and Impact Type as Predictors of AIS 4+ Head Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes. Annuls of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. 2011; 55: 267-80

Weaver AA, Loftis LK, Stitzel JD. "Investigation of the Safety Effects of Knee Bolster Airbag Deployment in Similar Real-World Crash Comparisons." Traffic Injury Prevention, May 2012.

Weaver AA, Danelson KA, Armstrong EG, Hoth JJ, Stitzel JD. "Investigation of pulmonary contusion extent and its correlation to crash, occupant, and injury characteristics in motor vehicle crashes. " Accident Analysis & Prevention, May 2012

2010

Aldaghlas, Tayseer, Burke, Christine, Sheridan, Michael J., Stadter, Greg, Hanfling, Dan, Griffen, Margaret, Rizzo, Anne, Are trauma team activations essential and cost effective for rollover crashes?, presented at SAE World Congress, 2010-01-0519, 2010.

Aldaghlas, Tayseer, Burke, Christine, Jenkins, Jeffrey, Brown, Louis J., Rizzo, Anne, Side-Impact Air Bags in Side Crashes: Not Deploying as Designed? A Review of Real World Crash Data, presented at SAE World Congress, 2010-01-1045, 2010.

AAM Anderson D, Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Kufera J, Read KM. Self-Reported Health Indicators in the Year Following a Motor Vehicle Crash: A Comparison of Younger vs. Older Subjects. In Press, Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. 2010 54(10):359-366.

Andersen D, Ryb G, Dischinger P, Kufera J, Read K. Self-reported health indicators in the year following a
motor vehicle crash: a comparison of younger versus older subjects. Ann Adv Automot Med. 54:359-67, 2010.

Arbogast KB,Locey CM, Zonfrillo MR, Maltese MR. Protection of Children Restrained in Child Safety Seats in Side Impact Crashes. Journal of Trauma. Vol 69(4) . 2010 Oct:913-923.

Burns, S Mack C, Kaufman R, Bulger E. "Cost of Spinal Cord Injuries Caused by Rollover Automobile Crashes."Injury Prevention 2010; 16:74-78

Coimbra R, Conroy C , Tominaga GT, Bansal V, Schwartz A. “Causes of Scapula Fracture Differ from Other Shoulder Injuries in Occupants Seriously Injured During Motor Vehicle Crashes”Injury 2010; 41: 151-155

Kerrigan, JR, Ash, JH, Bose, D, Sochor, M, Crandall, JR, Funk, J, Cormier, J, Manoogian, S, Ridella, S, Scarboro, M, Summers, S. 2010. Thoracic Injury Mechanism in Rollover Crashes. 38th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research, November 2 2010, Scottsdale, USA.

Loftis KL, Martin RS, Gabler HC, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD “Development of a Method to Compare Real-World Crashes to Vehicle Crash Tests.” Society for Automotive Engineering, 2010, Paper No. 2010-01-0147.

Mandell S, Kaufman R, Mack C, Bulger E. "Mortality and Injury Patterns Associated with Roof Crush in Rollover Crashes"Accident Analysis and Prevention 42 (2010) 1326-1331

Mandell S, Kaufman R, Mack C, Bulger E."Describing a Problem:Rear Seatback Malfunction and Unsecured Cargo Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2010; 25 (2) 152-157

Ryb GE, Burch C, Kerns T, Dischinger PC, Ho S. Crash test ratings and real-world frontal crash outcomes: a
CIREN study. J Trauma. May; 68(5):1099-105, 2010.

Smith TG 3rd, Wessells HB, Mack CD, Kaufman R, Bulger EM, Voelzke BB. Examination of the Impact of Airbags on Renal Injury Using a National Database Journal American College Surgeons. 2010 Sep: 211(3):355-360, Epub 2010 Jul 14. PMID:20800192

Stein D, Kufera J, Ho S, Ryb GE, et al. Occupant and Crash Characteristics for Case Occupants with Cervical Spine Injuries Sustained in Motor Vehicle Collisions. In Press, Journal of Trauma.

Urban JE, Loftis KL, Stitzel, JD “Investigating Injury Mechanism and Occupant BMI for Malleolar Fractures in Frontal Motor Vehicle Collisions.” Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 2010; 46.

Yoganandan N, Baisden JL, Maiman DJ, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Guan Y, Laud P, Ridella SA: Severe-to-fatal head Injuries in motor vehicle impacts. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(4):1370-1378, 2010

2009

Arbogast KB, Jermakian JS, Ghati Y. Abdominal Injuries in Belt-Positioning Booster Seats. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine. Vol 53. 2009 Oct:209-220.

Bansal V, Conroy C, Tominaga GT, Coimbra R “Predicting Whether Seat Belt Signs Signify Intra-abdominal Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crashes”Traffic Injury Prevention 2009; 10; 567-72

Bansal V, Conroy C, Lee,Schwartz, Tominaga, Coimbra, “Is Bigger Better? The Effect Of Obesity On Pelvic Fractures Following Side Impact Motor Vehicle Crashes”Journal of Trauma 2009; 67: 709-714

Braver ER, McCartt AT, Sherwood CP; Fraade-Blanar L, Scerbo M. "How often do front airbags fail to deploy in fatal frontal crashes?" (Accepted for presentation and paper in the proceedings of the ESV conference, June 2009)

Chang, CY, Rupp JD, Schneider LW, Kikuchi, N. (2008). "Development of a Finite Element Model to Study the Effects of Muscle Forces on Knee-Thigh-Hip Injuries in Frontal Crashes" Stapp Car Crash Journal 52.

Dischinger PC, Ryb GE, Kufera JA, Auman KM. Early predictors of postconcussive syndrome in a population of
trauma patients with mild traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 66(2):289-97, 2009.

Elliot MR, Resler AJ, Flannagan CA, Rupp JD. (2009). "Appropriate Analysis of CIREN Data: Using NASS-CDS to Reduce Bias in Estimation of Injury Risk Factors in Passenger Vehicle Crashes". Submitted to Accident Analysis and Prevention.

Flannagan C, and Rupp J.(2008).“Evaluation of the Use of NASS-CDC in Categorical Analysis of CIREN Data”.Submitted to Accident Analysis and Prevention

Gayzik F, Martin RS, Gabler HC, Hoth JJ, Duma SM, Meredith JW, Stitzel JD, "Characterization Of Crash-Induced Thoracic Loading Resulting In Pulmonary Contusion," Journal of Trauma, vol. 66, pp. 840-9, Mar 2009.

Hallman JJ, Brasel KJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA: Splenic trauma as an adverse effect of torso-protecting side airbags: biomechanical and case evidence. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine, 53:13-24, 2009.

Holcombe S, Ejima S, Huhdanpaa H, Jones A, Wang SC. (2008). Ribcage Characterization for FE Using Automatic CT Processing. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging. Paper #1430.

Holcombe S, Ejima S, Huhdanpaa H, Jones A, Wang SC (2008). Ribcage characterization for FE using finite element CT processing. Proceedings of the Japan Society of Automotive Engineers. Technical Paper #351-20085184.

Holcombe S, Ejima S, Ono K, Huhdanpaa H, Baum K, Lange DC, Brede CM, Inglis C, Wang NC, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Garton H, Patel S, Wang SC (2009). Patterns of local and regional variation in ribcage anatomy. Proceedings of the Japan Society of Automotive Engineers. Technical Paper #145-20095232.

Lee J, Conroy C, Coimbra R, Tominaga GT, Hoyt DB. “Injury Patterns in Frontal Crashes:The Association between Knee-Thigh-Hip (KTH) and Serious Intra-abdominal Injury”.Accident Analysis and Prevention 2010; 42: 50-55.

Loftis K , Martin RS, Meredith JW, Stitzel J, "Investigating Methods For Determining Mismatch In Near Side Vehicle Impacts - Biomed 2009," Biomedical Scientific Instrumentation, vol. 45, pp. 256-61, 2009.

Maheshwari R , Mack C, Francis D, Kaufman R, Bulger E, Nork S, Henley B. TheEffect of Obesity on Outcomes amongTrauma Patients with Lower Extremity Orthopaedic Injuries (Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 23(9): 634-639, October 2009

MalteseMR, LoceyCM, Jermakian JS, ArbogastKB. In-Depth Field Investigations Of Belt-Restrained Children In Farside Crashes. 21st Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference. 2009.

Martin PG, Ridella S, Dischinger PC, Ryb GE, Burch C, Ho S. Characteristics of fatalities in the CIREN database.
Presented at Enhanced Safety Vehicles Annual Conference, June 2009, Paper number 09-0253.

McMullin BT, Rhee JS, Pintar FA, Szabo A, Yoganandan N: facial fractures in motor vehicle collisions: epidemiological trends and risk factors. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 11(3):165-170, 2009.

National Expert Panel on Field Triage (including Stewart Wang). "A Guide to the Field Triage Decision Scheme: The National Trauma Triage Protocol." Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient 2008. Chicago, IL. Fall 2008

O’Brien-Mitchell B, Baily K, Faust D, Jensen J, Kleinert J, Wodzinski C, Wang SC (2009). Comparison of University of Michigan CIREN cases to existing types of crash tests. Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Technical Paper

O’Brien-Mitchell B, Baily K, Faust D, Jensen J, Kleinert J, Wodzinski C, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Wang SC (2009). Analysis of injury trends in frontal University of Michigan CIREN cases in the context of crash tests. Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Technical Paper

O’Connor JV, Kufera JA, Kerns TJ, Stein DM, Ho SM, Dischinger PC, Scalea TM. Crash and Occupant Predictors of Pulmonary Contusion. Journal of Trauma 2009 Apr;66(4), 1091-1095

Rupp JD, Miller CS, Reed MP, Madura NH, Klinich KD, Schneider LW (2008). Characterization of Knee-Thigh-Hip Response in Frontal Impacts Using Biomechanical Testing and Computational Simulation. Stapp Car Crash Journal 52.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Read KM, Kufera J. PTSD after Severe Vehicular Crashes. Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. 2009 53(10):177-194.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Ho S. Vehicle model year and crash outcomes: a CIREN study. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2009 Dec;10(6):560-6

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Burch C, Kerns T. Crash test rating and real-world frontal crash outcomes: a CIREN study. Journal of Trauma. 2010 May;68(5):1099-105.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Kleinberger M, Burch C, Ho S. "Aging is not a risk factor for femoral and tibial fractures in motor vehicle crashes". Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2008 52 (10) 227-234.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Kufera JA, Burch CA. Expected Differences and Unexpected Commonalities in Mortality, Injury Severity and Injury Patterns between Near versus Far Occupants of Side Impact Crashes. J Trauma 2009 Feb;66(2):499-503.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Ho S. Vehicle model year and crash outcomes: A CIREN study (Submitted to TIP-awaiting review)

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Ho S. Causation and outcomes of diaphragmatic injuries in vehicular crashes (Accepted for poster presentation at AAAM meeting October 2009).

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Kufera JA, Read K. Ptsd after severe vehicular crashes (Accepted for Oral presentation at AAAM meeting October 2009 and paper in the proceedings of AAAM).

Ryb GE, Kerns T, Burch C, Dischinger PC, Ho S. Crash test ratings and real-world crash outcomes: a ciren study (Accepted for Oral presentation for the AAST meeting September 2009)

Sasser SM, Hunt RC, Sullivent EE, Wald MM, Mitchko J, Jurkovich GJ, Henry MC, Salomone JP, Wang SC, Galli RL, Cooper A, Brown LH, Sattin RW (2009). " Guidelines for Field Triage of Injured Patients. Recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage." MMWR Recomm Rep. 58(RR-1): 1-35

Wang SC, Holcombe S, Ejima S, Ono K, Huhdanpaa H, Baum K, Lange DC, Brede CM, Inglis C, Wang NC, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Garton H, Patel S (2009). "3D spatial localization of human anatomic injuries." Proceedings of the Japan Society of Automotive Engineers. Technical Paper #144-20095232.

Wang SC, Sasser SM, Jurkovich GJ (2009). "Universal medical rescue protocol changed: 'High speed auto crash' changed to 'High risk' auto crash in the Field Triage Decision Scheme". Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Technical Paper

Wang SC (2009). "Widespread collection of real-world crash data using advanced automatic collision notification and medical data technologies". Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Technical Paper

Weaver A, Gayzik FS, and Stitzel JD, "Biomechanical Analysis Of Pulmonary Contusion In Motor Vehicle Crash Victims: A Crash Injury Research And Engineering Network (Ciren) Study - Biomed 2009," Biomedical Scientific Instrumentation, vol. 45, pp. 364-9, 2009

Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, Zhang J, Pintar FA, Takhounts E, Ridella SA: Association of contact loading in diffuse axonal injuries from motor vehicle crashes. The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 66(2):309-315, 2009.

2008

Arbogast, KB, Jermakian JS, Durbin DR:Injury Risk for Rear Impacts:Role of the Front Seat Occupant. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine 52:109-116, 2008

Bulger E, Kaufman R, Mack C. "childhood Crash Injury Patterns Associated With Restraint Misuse:Implications for Field Triage."Prehospital Disast Med 2008;23(1):9-15.

Coimbra R, Conroy C, Hoyt D, Pacyna S, May M, Erwin S, Tominaga G, Kennedy F, Sise M, Velky T. “The influence of damage distribution on serious brain injury in occupants in frontal motor vehicle crashes”.; Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2008, 40:1569-1575.

Conroy, Tominaga, Erwin, Pacyna, Velky, Kennedy, Sise, Coimbra. "Injury patterns and sources of injury are influenced by the vehicle damage distribution (wide vs. narrow) for drivers in collinear frontal motor vehicle crashes." Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2008, 40: 1489-1494.

Danelson KA, Stitzel JD, “Volumetric Splenic Injury Measurement in CT Scans for Comparison with Injury Score,” Biomed Sci Instrum. 2008; 44.

Dissanaike S, Kaufman R, Mack C, Mock C, Bulger E. “The Effect Of Reclined Seats On Mortality In Motor Vehicle Collisions”. The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care. 2008 Mar; 64(3):614-9.

Klinich K. , Flannagan C., Rupp J, Sochor M., Pearlman M. (2008). “Fetal Outcomes in Motor-Vehicle Crashes: Effects of Crash Characteristics and Maternal Restraint”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. April 2008.

Nirula R, Pintar FA: Identification of vehicle components associated with severe thoracic injury in motor injury in motor vehicle crashes: A CIREN and NASS analysis. Accid Anal Prev 40(1):137-141, 2008.

Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Maiman DJ: Injury mechanisms and severity in small overlap corner impacts. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med 52:185-189, 2008.

Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Maiman DJ. Injury mechanisms and severity in narrow offset frontal impacts. - Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2008 Oct;52:185-9.PMID: 19026235

G. Ryb, P.Dischinger. " Injury Severity and Outcome of Overweight and Obese Patients After Vehicular Trauma: A Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Study." Journal of Trauma 2008 Feb;64(2):406-11.

J Stitzel, P Kilgo, B Schmotzer, K Danelson, C Geer, T Pranikoff, JW Meredith, “Age Thresholds for Increased Mortality of Three Predominant Crash Induced Head Injuries,” Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference and Journal, 2008.

Toyota-WFU School of Medicine CIREN Center, “Age Related Thresholds and Thoracic Injury,” presented at the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Public Meeting, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., March 25, 2008.

Wang S. " Rollover - Elderly Occupants: Injury Risk and Patterns for EMS Professionals.” Crash Response Training Website. www.crashedu.org. 2008.

2007

Benson E, Conroy C, Hoyt DB, Eastman AB, Pacyna S, Smith J, Kennedy F, Velky T, Sise M, : “Calcaneal Fractures in Occupants involved in Severe Frontal Motor Vehicle Crashes”. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2007, 39: 794-99.

Bonivtch A, Stitzel JD, “Use of CIREN Data to Understand Real-World Injury Mechanisms,” presented at 5th Annual Center for Injury Biomechanics Instructional Symposium: Advanced Technologies and New Frontiers, Blacksburg VA, March 23-24, 2007.

Conroy C, Schwartz A, Hoyt DB, Eastman AB, Pacyna S, Holbrook TL, Vaughan T, Sise M, Kennedy F, Velky T, Erwin S. “Upper Extremity Fracture Patterns following Motor Vehicle Crashes differ for Drivers and Passengers”. Injury, 2007, 38: 350-7.

Conroy, C, Hoyt, DB, Eastman, AB Holbrook, TL, Pacyna, S, Erwin, S, Vaughan, T, Sise, M, Kennedy, F, Velky, T. “Motor Vehicle related Cardiac and Aorta Injuries differ from other Thoracic Injuries”. J Trauma, 2007, 62: 1462-1467.

Danelson KA, Hoth JJ, Miller PR, Stitzel JD, “A semi-automated approach for measuring splenic injury using computed tomography,” Biomed Sci Instrum. 2007; 43:13-7.

Holbrook, TL, Hoyt, DB, Eastman, A, Sise, M, Kennedy, F, Velky, T, Conroy, C, Pacyna, S, Erwin, S, Vaughan,T. “The Impact of Safety Belt use on Liver Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes: The Importance of Motor Vehicle Safety Systems”. J Trauma, 2007, 63: 300-306.

Ivarrson BJ, Manaswi A, Genovese D, Crandall JR, Hurwitz S, Burke C, Fakhry, S. Site. “Type and Primary Mechanism of Tibial Shaft Fracture in Drivers in Frontal Automobile Crashes.” Forensic Science International (2007), doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.019

Ivarsson BJ, Crandall J, Fredriksson R, Burke C, Stadter G, Grabowski J, Fakhry S “Pedestrian Head Impact - What Determines The Likelihood And Wrap Around Distance?” Included in the written proceedings of the Enhanced Safety of Vehicle (ESV) Conference, Lyon, France (2007); Submitted to Accident Analysis and Prevention - pending acceptance for publication

Kilgo P, Stitzel JD, Meredith JW, Hill-Brown J, “What Constitutes an Elderly Motor Vehicle Crash Victim – The Age at Which Specific Injuries Increase the Risk of Mortality,” presented at the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Public Meeting, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., March 28, 2007

Kuan JK, Kaufman R, Wright JL, Mock C, Nathens AB, Wessells H, Bulger E. - Renal Injury Mechanisms in Motor Vehicle Collisions: Analysis of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Cataset. Journal of Urology -Vol. 178, 935-940, September 2007

Linnau K., Blackmore C., Kaufman R., Nguyen, T., Routt M., Stambaugh L., Jurkovich G., Mock C. Radiographic patterns of pelvic ring disruptions: Do initial radiographs tell the truth about the crash? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 21(6):375-380, July 2007.

Hearrell C, Burke C. “Walking Through The Ages: The Impact Of Pedestrian Injury” Journal of Emergency Nursing, June 2007.

Michetti C, Hanna R, Moore A,Crandall J, Fakhry S. “Contemporary analysis of thoracic aortic injury: importance of screening based on crash characteristics”Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care, 63:18-25, 2007. NTL Integrated Search - National Transportation Library (http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/record/tris/01054323.html)

Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Maiman DJ, Occupant dynamics and injuries in narrow-object side impact. ESV, Paper 07-0246 Lyon, France, 2007

Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Yoganandan N: Injury patterns in side pole crashes. AAAM 51: 419-432, 2007.

Rupp JD, Miller CS, Reed MP, Madura NH, Ritchie Nl, Schneider LW: (2007). Characterization of knee impacts in frontal crashes. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Paper 07-0345. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC.

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Kufera JA, Burch CA. Delta V, principal direction of force, and restraint use contributions to motor vehicle crash mortality. Journal of Trauma. 2007 Nov;63(5):1000-5.

Stitzel J, P Kilgo, B Schmotzer, C Gabler, JW Meredith, “Comparing CIREN and NASS Cases: A Multivariate Similarity Approach,” Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference and Journal, (accepted) 2007.

Stitzel, JD, Meredith, JW, “Update on the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Program,” presented to Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota City, Japan, February, 2007.

Stitzel J, P Kilgo, B Schmotzer, C Gabler, JW Meredith, “Comparing CIREN and NASS Cases: A Multivariate Similarity Approach,” SAE Government-Industry Meeting, Wednesday, May 16, 2007.

Wang, SC. Growing Obesity: Concerning Implications for the Burden from Crash Injury. Proceedings of the Japan Society of Automotive Engineers 60th Annual Meeting. 2007. Technical Paper 148-20075201.

Wang, SC. “Side Impact Crash Injury Patterns for EMS Professionals.” Crash Response Training Website. www.crashedu.org. 2007

Wang, SC. “Pediatric Occupants: Injury Risk and Patterns for EMS Professionals.” Crash Response Training Website. www.crashedu.org. 2007

Wang, SC. “Rollover Crash Injury Patterns for EMS Professionals.” Crash Response Training Website. www.crashedu.org. 2007

Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, Pintar FA, Characterizing diffuse brain injuries from real-world motor vehicle impacts, Paper 07-338, 2007 ESV, Lyon, France

In Press
Grant, J , Rhee, JS; Pintar, F; Yoganandan N. Modeling mechanisms of skull base injury for drivers in motor vehicle collisions., Otolaryngology (In press).

Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Kufera JA, Burch CA. Expected differences and unexpected commonalities in mortality, injury severity and injury patterns between near versus far occupants of side impact crashes. Journal of Trauma (in press)

Yoganandan N; Gennarelli, TA; Zhang, J; Pintar, FA; Takhounts, E; Ridella,SA. Association of contact loading in diffuse axonal injuries from motor vehicle crashes, The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care (2007 In press)

2006

Bennet T., Kaufman, Schiff M., Mock C., Quan L. “Crash analysis of lower extremity injuries in children in forward-facing car seat during front and rear impacts.” The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care 2006;61-592-597

Cannon J, Poster C, Brede C, Lange D, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Wang S. Crash Injury Tolerance In The Elderly: The Effects Of Age-Related Changes In Body Composition. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 2006. In Press.

Conroy C, Hoyt D, Eastman B, Erwin S, Pacyna S, Holbrook S, Vaughan T, Sise M, Kennedy F, Velky T. "Rollover Crashes: Predicting Serious Injury Based On Occupant, Vehicle, And Crash Characteristics." Accident Analysis and Prevention.

Conroy C, Hoyt D, Eastman B, Pacyna S, Holbrook S, Erwin S, Vaughan T, Sise M, Kennedy F, Velky T. "Motor Vehicle Related Cardiac and Aorta Injuries Differ From Other Thoracic Injuries." Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care.

Conroy C, Schwartz A, Hoyt D, Eastman B, Pacyna S, Holbrook T, Sise M, Kennedy F, Velky T, Vaughan T, Erwin S. "Upper Extremity Fracture Patterns Following Motor Vehicle Crashes Differ For Drivers And Passengers." Injury.

Conroy, C, Hoyt, DB, Eastman, AB, Erwin, S, Pacyna, S, Holbrook, T, Vaughan, T, Sise, M, Kennedy, F, Velky, T. Rollover crashes: “Predicting Serious Injury based on Occupant, Vehicle, and Crash Characteristics”. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 38: 835-842.

Ehrlich PF, Brown JK, Sochor MR, Wang SC, Eichelberger ME. Factors influencing pediatric Injury Severity Score and Glasgow Coma Scale in pediatric automobile crashes: results from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2006 41:1854-8.

Francis DO, Kaufman R, Yueh B, Mock CM, Nathens AB. “Air bag induced orbital blow-out fractures” 2006. Laryngoscope, 116 September 2006

Grant, J; Rhee, J.S.; Pintar, F; Yoganandan, N.: Modeling mechanisms of skull base injury for drivers in motor vehicle collisions Otolaryngology (In press).

Hearrell C, Burke C. “Walking Through The Ages: The Impact Of Pedestrian Injury”
Journal of Emergency Nursing, June 2007.

Holbrook TL, Hoyt DB, Eastman AB, Sise M, Velky T, Kennedy F, Conroy C, Pacyna S, Erwin S. "The Impact Of Safety Belt Use On Liver Injuries In Motor Vehicle Crashes: Crash Injury Research And Engineering Network Data Support - The Importance Of Motor Vehicle Safety Systems". Poster presentation, 65th Annual Meeting of AAST, New Orleans, LA, September, 2006.

Ivarrson BJ, Manaswi A, Genovese D, Crandall JR, Hurwitz S, Burke C, Fakhry, S. Site.“Type and Primary Mechanism of Tibial Shaft Fracture in Drivers in Frontal Automobile Crashes.” Forensic Science International (2007), doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.019

Jermakian JS, Locey CM, Haughey LJ, Arbogast KB. "Lower extremity injuries in children seated in forward facing child restraint systems." Traffic Injury Prevention. 2007 Jun; 8(2):171-9.

Klinich, K.D., Flannagan, C.A., Nicholson, K.N., Schneider L.W., and Rupp J.D. (2006). Identifying abdominal injury patterns using the NASS and CIREN databases. Journal of Biomechanics 39(suppl 1): S158.

Maltese MR, Locey CM, Jermakian JS, Nance ML, Arbogast KB. "Injury causation scenarios in belt-restrained nearside child occupants." Stapp Car Crash Journal. 2007 Oct; 51:299-311.

Martin RS, MD, JJ Hoth, MD, JH Holmes, MD, PR Miller, MD, MC Chang, MD, JD Stitzel, PhD, JW Meredith, MD, “Pulmonary Contusion After Motor Vehicle Crash: A Study of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN),” presented at American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, July 2006.

Michetti C, Hanna R, Moore A, Crandall J, Fakhry S. “Contemporary analysis of thoracic aortic injury: importance of screening based on crash characteristics” Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care, 63:18-25, 2007. NTL Integrated Search - National Transportation Library (http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/record/tris/01054323.html)

Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Yoganandan N: Injury patterns in side pole crashes. AAAM 51: 419-432, 2007.

Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Yoganandan N.: Occupant dynamics and injuries in narrow-object side impact. 2007 ESV, (accepted March 2007).

Ritchie NL, Wang, SC, Sochor MR, Schneider LW. A method for documenting locations of rib fractures for occupants in real-world crashes using medical computed tomography (CT) scans. Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Paper #2006-01-0250

Rupp, J.D., Schneider L.W., MacWilliams J.D., et al. (2006). A new protocol for documenting the causes and biomechanics of injury in crashes. Journal of Biomechanics 39(suppl 1): S144.

Siegel, JH, Yang, KH, Smith, JA, Siddiqi, SQ, Shah, C, Maddali, M, Hardy, W., "Computer Simulation and Validation of the Archimedes Lever Hypothesis as a Mechanism for Aortic Disruption in a Case of Lateral Impact Motor Vehicle Crash: A Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Study", Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care, 60(2):1-11, February 2006 Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care, 60(5):1072-1082, May 2006

Sochor MR, Faust DP, Anderson KF, Barnes S, Ridella SA, Wang SC. Assessment of 3 and 6-Year-Old Neck Injury Criteria based on field investigation, modeling and sled testing. Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Paper #2006-01-0253.

Stein, D.M., O'Connor, J.V., Kufera, J.A., Ho, S.M., Dischinger, P.C., Copeland, C.E., Scalea, T.M., "Risk Factors Associated with Pelvic Fractures Sustained in Motor Vehicle Collisions Involving Newer Vehicles" Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care, Note: This study was presented at the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 10 to 14, 2006, Orlando, Florida.

Stitzel, J.D., Tan, J., Gayzik, F.S., Daly, M., Carr, J., Martin, S., Hoth, J.J., Miller, P., Meredith, W., “3-d real-time CT reconstruction: A tool for analyzing CIREN data,” 34th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research, Dearborn, MI, 2006

Stitzel J, P Kilgo, B Schmotzer, C Gabler, JW Meredith, “Comparing CIREN and NASS Cases: A Multivariate Similarity Approach,” CIREN Quarterly Meeting, Milwaukee WI, September 2006.

Wang, SC. “Motor Vehicle Accident Overview for EMS Professionals.” Crash Response Training Website. www.crashedu.org. 2006

Wang, SC. “Frontal Crash Injury Patterns for EMS Professionals.” Crash Response Training Website. www.crashedu.org. 2006

Yoganandan N; Gennarelli, T.A.; Zhang, J.; Pintar, F.A.; Characterizing diffuse brain injuries from real-world motor vehicle impacts, 2007 ESV, (accepted March 2007).

Yoganandan N; Gennarelli, T.A.; Zhang, J.; Pintar, F.A.; Takhounts, E.; Ridella, S.A. ; Association of contact loading in diffuse axonal injuries from motor vehicle crashes; The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care (2007

2005

Dischinger PC, Read KM, Kufera JA, Kerns TJ, Ho SM, Burch CA, Jawed N, Burgess AR. CIREN report: Consequences and costs of lower extremity injuries. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 809 871, June 2005.

Kent R, Lee S-H, Darvish K, Poster C, Lange A, Brede C, Lange D, Wang SC, Matsuoka F. "Structural And Material Changes In The Aging Thorax And Their Role In Crash Protection For Older Occupants.", Stapp Car Crash Journal 2005, 49:231-249.

Longhitano, D. "Application of the CIREN Methodology to the Study of Pedestrian Crash Injuries", 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Washington, DC, June 2005

Scarboro, M, McCullough, CA, Sarda, P., "Crash Injuries and Long-Term Consequences; The CIREN Experience", 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Washington, DC, June 2005

Smith, JA, Siegel, JH, Siddiqi, SQ, "Spine and Spinal Cord Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Function of Change in Velocity and Energy Dissipation on Impact with Respect to the Direction of Crash", Journal of Trauma Injury Infection and Critical Care, 59(1):117-131, July 2005

Sochor M, Rupp J. "Knee-Thigh-Hip Injuries in Frontal Crashes." Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2005, 46(2):168-171.

Tencer A., Kaufman R., Mack C., Mock C. "Factors Affecting Pelvic And Thoracic Forces In Near-Side Impact Crashes: A Study Of US-NCAP, NASS, And CIREN Data." Accident Analysis and Prevention - 37 (2005) 287-293.

Tencer A., Kaufman R., Huber P., Mock C. "The Role of Door Orientation on Occupant Injury in a Nearside Impact: A CIREN, MADYMO modeling and Experimental Study." Traffic Injury Prevention, 6:372-378, 2005

Tencer A., Kaufman R., Conway, C. "Reducing Primary and Secondary Impact Loads on the Pelvis During Side Impact" 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Conference, Washington, D.C., June 2005 Paper No. 05-0036-

Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Baisden J, Maiman DJ: "Type II Odontoid Fracture from Frontal Impact", Journal of Neurosurgery - Spine 2:481-485, 2005.

Yoganandan N, Pintar FA: Odontoid Fracture in Motor Vehicle Environments. Accident Analysis and Prevention 37: 504-514, 2005.

Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA: "Field Data on Head Injuries in Side Airbag Vehicles in Lateral Impact". Annual Proceedings Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 49:171-184, 2005.

Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA: "Evaluation Of Side Impact Injuries In Vehicles Equipped With Side Airbags", IRCOBI, September 21-23, 2005, Prague, Czech Republic, 97-108.

Abstracts & Presentations
Hoyt DB. "The CIREN Project". Second Annual Day of Trauma, San Diego, CA, November, 2005.

Hoyt DB. "Crash Investigation-the CIREN Project." Trauma Update Meeting, Dayton, OH, May, 2005.

Hoyt DB. "Crash Investigation-the CIREN Project." Trauma Update Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, March, 2005.

Rupp JD, Schneider LW. "Injuries to the Hip Joint in Frontal Motor-Vehicle Crashes: Biomechanical and Real-World Perspectives." Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2005; 35(4):493-504

2004

Acierno S, S, Kaufman R, Mock C, Rivara F, Grossman D. "Vehicle Mismatch: Injury Patterns And Severity." Accident Analysis and Prevention 39 (2004) 761-772.

Champion, HR, Augenstein, J., Blatt, AJ, Cushing,B., Digges,K, Siegel, JH, Flanigan,MC, "Automatic Crash Notification and the URGENCY Algorithm: Its History, Value and Use." Topics in Emergency Medicine, Emergency Communication System 26(2) 143-156 April/May/June 2004

Dischinger PC, Read KM, Kufera JA, Kerns TJ, Burch CA, Jawed N, Ho SM. Consequences And Costs Of Lower Extremity Injuries. 48th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 339-353, 2004.

Ebel B., Mack C., Diehr P., Rivara F. "Lost Working Days, Productivity, And Restraint Use Among Occupants Of Motor Vehicles That Crashed In The United States." Injury Prevention 2004; 10:314-319

Nirula, R, Mock C., Nathens A., Grossman, D. "The New Car Assessment Programs: Does It Predict The Relative Safety Of Vehicles In Actual Crashes?" The Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care 2004; 57:779-786

Potenza BM, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, Fortlage D, Holbrook T, Hollingsworth-Fridlund, Trauma Research and Education Foundation, "The Epidemiology of Serious and Fatal Injury in San Diego County over an 11-year Period." Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care, 2004; 56: 68-75.

Read KM, Kufera JA, Dischinger PC, Kerns TJ, Ho SM, Burgess AR, Burch CA. Life-Altering Outcomes Following Lower Extremity Injury Sustained In Motor Vehicle Crashes. Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care 57(4):815-823, 2004.

Rivara F, Cummings P. "Car Occupant Death According To The Restraint Use Of Other Occupants: A Matched Cohort Study." Journal of the American Medical Association Jan 21;291(3):343-9, 2004

Rowe SA, Sochor MS, Staples KS, Wahl WL, Wang SC. Pelvic Ring Fractures: Implications Of Vehicle Design, Crash Type, And Occupant Characteristics. Surgery. 2004 136(4):842-7.

Siegel, JH, Smith, JA, Siddiqi,SQ, "Change in Velocity and Energy Dissipation on Impact in Motor Vehicle Crashes as a Function of the Direction of Crash: Key Factors in the Production of Thoracic Aortic Injuries, Their Pattern of Associated Injuries and Patient Survival: A Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Study", Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care 57(4) 760-778, October 2004

Wang SC, Brede C, Lange D, Poster CS, Lange AW, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Sochor MR, Ipaktchi, K, Rowe SA, Patel S, Garton H. "Gender Differences in Hip Anatomy: Possible Implications for Injury Tolerance in Frontal Collisions. " Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. 2004; 48:287-301.

Wang SC, Lange, AW, Poster CS, Brede C, Lange D. "Potential Applications (And Limitations) Of 3D Imaging Data From Human Crash Subjects For Biomechanical Research" Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Workshop on Injury Biomechanics Research. 2004

Weber PR; Cassatta SJ; Sochor MR; Wang SC. "Lateral Air Bag Performance in CIREN Field Studies". Society of Automotive Engineers Paper #2004-01-0331.

Abstracts & Presentations
Eastman AB. "Occult Injuries Following Motor Vehicle Accident Blunt Trauma". Advances in Trauma & Critical Care Surgery Course, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, June 2004

2003

Arbabi S, Wahl W, Hemmila M, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Taheri P, Wang SC. "The Cushion Effect." Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 2003; 54:1090-93.

Bednarski B, Patel S, Lange A, Poster C, Lange D, Brede C, Rowe S, Sochor M, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Wang SC. "Human Body Tolerance to High Energy Trauma: Influence of Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat." Association for Academic Surgery. November 2003

Brookes C, Wang SC, McWilliams J. "Maxillofacial Injuries In North American Vehicle Crashes." European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2003; 10:30-34.

Dischinger PC, Read KM, Kerns TJ, Ho SM, Kufera JA, Burch CA, Jawed N, Burgess AR, Bents F. "Causes And Outcomes Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Analysis Of CIREN Data." 47th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 577-589, 2003.

Ebel B, Grossman D. "Crash Proof Kids? An Overview Of Current Motor Vehicle Child Occupant Safety Strategies." Current Problems Pediatric Adolescent Health Care 2003 Feb;33(2):38-55.

Jarrahy R, Coimbra R, Potenza B, Hoyt D, Fortlage D, "Delayed Presentation Of A Traumatic Lumbar Hernia Caused By Seat Belt", European Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care 2003; 29: 97-100.

McCullough, CA, Wu, J., "Applications of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Database", The 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper #409, Nagoya, Japan, May 2003

Nirula R, Mock CN, Kaufman R, Rivara FP, Grossman D. "Correlation Of Head Injury To Vehicle Contact Points Using Crash Injury Research And Engineering Network (CIREN) Data." Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35: 201-210, 2003.

Nirula R, Kaufman R, Tencer A. "Traumatic Brain Injury And Automotive Design: Making Motor Vehicles Safer." Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care, 55:844-8, 2003.

Rivara FP, Cummings P, Mock C. "Injuries And Death Of Children In Rollover Motor Vehicle Crashes In The United States." Injury Prevention 2003; 9(1):76-80.

Rupp JD, Reed MP, Jeffreys TJ, and Schneider LW. "Effects Of Hip Posture On The Frontal Impact Tolerance Of The Human Hip Joint." Stapp Car Crash Journal. 2003; 47:21-33.

Sochor, MR; Faust, DP; Schneider, LW; Wang, SC "Knee, Thigh and Hip Injury Patterns For Drivers and Right Front Passengers In Frontal Impacts". Society of Automotive Engineers Paper # 2003-01-0164

Sochor, MR; Faust, DP; Garton, H; Wang SC; Ridella, SA; Barnes, S; Fischer, K. "Simulation of Occipitoatlantoaxial Injury Utilizing a MADYMO Model", Society of Automotive Engineers, Paper # 2004-01-0326.

Sochor, MR; Faust DP; Schneider LW; Wang SC. "Knee, Thigh and Hip Injury Patterns For Drivers and Right Front Passengers In Frontal Impacts" Moses Gunn 15th Annual Research Conference May 2003

Sochor MR; Ridella S; Barnes S; Fischer K; Wang SC. "Simulation of Atlanto-Occipital Dissociation Utilizing a MADYMO Model" American College of Emergency Physicians Annual Forum. October 2003

Sochor MR; Weber P; Bednarski, B; Wang SC. "3D CT Imaging Versus Plain X-ray in Diagnosis of Rib Fractures in Lateral Impact Crashes" Association for Advancement of Automotive Medicine Annual Meeting, Lisbon Portugal. September 2003

Staples, KS; Karunakar, MA; Sochor, MR; Wang SC. "Sex Specific Injury Patterns form "Dashboard Injury" in Front-End Motor Vehicle Collisions" Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meeting February 2003

Wang SC; Bednarski B; Patel S; Yan A; Kennedy T; Link E; Rowe S; Sochor M; Arbabi S. "Increased Depth of Subcutaneous Fat is Protective Against Abdominal Injuries in Motor Vehicle Collisions." Annual Proceedings Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 2003;47:545-59.

Abstracts & Presentations
Arbabi S, Wendy WL, Hemmila MR, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Taheri PA, and Wang SC. "The Cushion Effect" American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Sixty-First Meeting, 2002.

Assal M., Huber P, Tencer A, Rohr E, Mock C, Kaufman R. Are Drivers More Likely To Injure Their Right Foot Or Left Foot In A Frontal Car Crash: A Crash And Biomechanical Investigation? Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 46: 273-288, 2002.

Cannon LB, Wang SC. "What Is The Mechanism Of Vertebral Transverse Process Fractures?" Proceedings, British Orthopaedic Research Society meeting. Cardiff. 2002. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Cannon LB, Wang SC. "The Effect Of Driver Restraint On The Location Of Compressive Injuries To The Lower Limb Following Motor Vehicle Accidents." Proceedings, British Orthopaedic Association meeting. Cardiff, 2002. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

Pacyna S, Erwin S. "What Happens When The Ship Is Damaged?" California Emergency Nurses Association Conference, San Diego, CA, November 2003.

Patel NN, Wang SC, Marentette L. Penetrating Injury Of The Cheek Requiring Skull Base Exploration. Journal of LaryngolOtol. 2002; 116(7):548-50.

Read KM, Burgess AR, Dischinger PC, Kufera JA, Kerns TJ, Ho SM, Burch CA. Psychosocial And Physical Factors Associated With Lower Extremity Injuries. 46th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 289-303, 2002.

Rupp JD, Reed MP, Van Ee CA, Kuppa S, Wang SC, Schneider LW. The Tolerance Of The Human Hip To Dynamic Knee Loading. Stapp Car Crash Journal. 2002; 46:211-228.

2002

Arbabi S, Wendy WL, Hemmila MR, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Taheri PA, and Wang SC. "The Cushion Effect" American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Sixty-First Meeting, 2002.

Cannon LB, Wang SC. "What Is The Mechanism Of Vertebral Transverse Process Fractures?" Proceedings, British Orthopaedic Research Society meeting. Cardiff. 2002. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

McGwin G, Reiff DA, Rue LW. "Differences in the incidence and etiology of blunt thoracic aortic injury in motor vehicle collisions by age." Journal of Trauma, 2002; 52: 859-66.

Mock C, Grossman D, Rivara F, Kaufman RP, Mack CD, Rivara FP. “The relationship between body weight and risk of death and serious injury in motor vehicle crashes.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34: 221-228, 2002.

Moran SG, McGwin G, Metzger J, Windham ST, Reiff DA, Rue LW. "Injury rates among restrained drivers in motor vehicle collisions – The role of body habitus."Journal of Trauma, 2002; 52: 1116-20.

Owsley C, Sloane M, McGwin G, Ball K, Timed instrumental activities of daily living (TIADL) tasks: relationship to cognitive function and everyday performance assessments in older adults, Gerontology, 2002; 48: 254-265.

Patel NN, Wang SC, Marentette L. Penetrating injury of the cheek requiring skull base exploration. J Laryngol Otol. 2002; 116(7):548-50

Rupp JD, Reed MP, Van Ee CA, Kuppa S, Wang SC, Schneider LW. The Tolerance Of The Human Hip To Dynamic Knee Loading. Stapp Car Crash Journal. 2002; 46:211-228.

Siegel JH, Smith JA, Tenenbaum N, McCammon L, Siddiqi S, Presswalla F, Pierre-Louis P, Williams W, Zaretsky L, Hutchins K, Perez L, Shaikh J, Natarajan G, Deceleration Energy and Change in Velocity on Impact: Key Factors in Fatal vs. Potentially Survivable Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) Aortic Injuries (AI): The Role of Associated Injuries as Determinants of Outcome, 46th AAAM Conference Proceedings, Oct. 2002.

Tencer A, Kaufman R, Ryan K, Grossman D, Henley B, Mann F, Mock C, Rivara F, Wang S, Augenstein J, Hoyt D, Eastman B. Femur Fractures in Relatively Low Speed Frontal Crashes: The possible role of muscle forces,Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34 (2002) pp 1-11.

Tencer A, Mirza S, Bensel K, Internal Loads in the Cervical Spine During Motor Vehicle Rear-End Impacts, Spine, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp 32-42, 2002.

Valent F, McGwin G, Hardin W, Johnson C, Rue LW. Restraint use and injury patterns among children involved in motor vehicle collisions, Journal of Trauma, 2002, 52(4): 745-51.

Watts, D., Fakhry, S., Pasquale, M., Kurek, S., Malhotra, A., Fabian, T., & Boulanger, B. (2002). Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) And Abdominal Seatbelt Mark As Risk Factors For Perforating Small Bowel Injury (SBI): Results From A Large Multi-Institutional Study. Proceedings of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Fifteenth Scientific Assembly, January 2002, Orlando, FL

2001

Augenstein JS, Digges KH, Ogata S., Perdeck E, Stratton J, “Development and Validation of the Urgency Algorithm To Predict Compelling Injuries”, paper # 352, 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Proceedings, June 5th 2001

Brown, LJ and McCullough, CA "A Characterization of CIREN" - 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Conference,Amsterdam, June 2001.

Fakhry, S., & Salaita, K. (2001). Aggressive Driving: Preliminary Analysis of a Serious Threat to Motorists in a Large Metropolitan Area. in Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Scientific Assembly of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (page 122).

Fakhry, S., & Salaita, K. (2001). Aggressive Driving: A Preliminary Analysis of a Serious Threat to Motorists in a Large Metropolitan Area. Journal of Trauma,

Funk JR, Rudd RW, King RJ, Srinivasan SCM, Crandall JR, Talar Neck Fractures and Other Injuries Caused by Brake Pedal Loading of the Midfoot and Forefoot, Final Report University of Virginia, Automobile safety laboratory, August 2001

Gotschall CS and Eichelberger MR: Injuries to restrained children in motor vehicle crashes.Recovery 2001.

Hanfling, D., Watts, D., Mayer, T., Trask, A., & Fakhry, S. (2001). Forming the Initial Link: Educating Providers in the Guidelines for Pre-hospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Proceedings of the American College of Emergency Physicians 2001 Research Forum, October 2001, Chicago, IL.

Moran SG, McGwin G, Reiff DA, Rue LW. "The association between body mass index, restraint use, and fatality in motor vehicle collisions." 45th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 2001.

Orzechowski KM, Lee JH, Eichelberger MR, Wang SC. Pediatric injuries associated with specific types of restraint misuse. Proceedings of the International Child Passenger Safety Conference. 2001.

Peitzman, A. B., Harbrecht, B. G., Fakhry, S., & et.al. (2001). EAST Study of Failure of Observation of Blunt Splenic Injury in Adults. Journal of Trauma.

Rivera, L., Peitzman, A. B., ........., Fakhry, S., & et.al. (2001). Contributions of Age and Gender to Outcomes of Blunt Splenic Injury in Adults: Multicenter Study of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. in Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Scientific Assembly of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (p. page 46).

Siegel, J.H., Loo, G. Dischinger, P.C., Burgess, A.R., Wang, S.C., Schneider, L.W., Grossman, D., Rivera, F., Mock, C., Natarajan, G.A., Hutchins, K.D., Bents, F.D., McCammon, L., Leibovich, E., Tenenbaum, N., Factors influencing the patterns of injuries and outcomes in car versus car crashes compared to sport utility, van, or pick-up truck versus car crashes: Crash Injury Research Engineering Network Study, Journal of Trauma, 51: 975-990, 2001.

Abstracts & Presentations
Pacyna SE, Erwin SM, Vaughan TM, Kracun M. "Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network." Orthopedic Trauma Association 17th Annual Meeting, San Diego CA, October, 2001

Siegel, J.H., Smith, J.A., Tenenbaum, N., Siddiqi, S., Presswalla, B., Pierre-Louis, P., Williams, A., Zaretsky, LL, Hutchins, K.D., Perez, L., Shaikh, J., Natarajan, G. Quantifying Motor Vehicle crash (MVS) Dynamics in Fatal and Survivable Aortic Injuries (AI). Trauma 2001 Conference, Sydney, Australia, ABSTRACT, 2001

2000

Augenstein JS, Perdeck E, Bowen J, Stratton J., Horton T, Singer M, Digges KH, Malliaris AC, Steps J, “Dummy Measurement of Chest Injuries Induced by Two-Point Shoulder Belts,” Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, October, 2000.

Augenstein JS, Perdeck E, Bowen J, Stratton J, Horton T, Singer M, Digges KH., Steps JH, “Injuries to Restrained Occupants in Far-Side Crashes.” Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, October 2000.

Augenstein JS, “Beyond the ER – Epitome of Care.” Recovery, Summer 2000, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 24-26, June, 2000.

Augenstein JS, Bowen J, Perdeck E, Singer M, Stratton J, Horton T, Rao A, Digges KH, Malliaris AC, Steps J, “Injury Patterns in Near-Side Collisions,” Society of Automotive Engineering Technical Paper Series 2000-01-0634. Detroit, MI. March 6-9, 2000.

Dischinger PC, Ho SM, Kufera JA: Medical conditions and car crashes. 44th Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference, 44:335-346, 2000.

Horton TG, Cohn SM, Heid MP, Augenstein JS, Bowen JC, McKinney MG, Duncan RC, “Identification of Trauma Patients at Risk of Thoracic Aortic Tear by Mechanisms of Injury”, Journal of Trauma, Vol. 48, No. 6, June 2000.

Lavery RF, Livingston DH, Tortella BJ, Sambol JT, Slomovitz BM, Siegel JH, The utility of venous lactate to triage injured patients in the trauma center, J. Am. Coll. Surg: 190: 656-664, 2000.

Rivara F, Koepsell T, Grossman D, Mock C, “Effectiveness of automatic shoulder belt systems in motor vehicle crashes.” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 283, pg. 2826-2828, June, 2000.

Abstracts & Presentations
Loo, G.T. Siegel, J.H., Dischinger, P.C., Wang, S.C., Grossman, D., McCammon, L., Tenenbaum, N., Natarajan, G.A., Hutchins, K.D., and Bents, F.D. The influence of age and gender on the incidence, injury pattern and likelihood of lower extremity fractures sustained by frontal occupants in motor vehicle crashes. CIREN, U.S. Dept. of Transportation - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., ABSTRACT, May 2000.

Loo, G.T. Siegel, J.H., Dischinger, P.C., Wang, S.C., Grossman, D., McCammon, L., Tenenbaum, N., Natarajan, G.A., Hutchins, K.D., and Bents, F.D. Side impact crashes: effect on occupant injury patterns. CIREN, U.S. Dept. of Transportation - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., ABSTRACT, July 2000.

1999

Augenstein JS, Perdeck E, Bowen J, Stratton J, Singer M, Horton T, Rao A, “Injuries in Near-Side Collisions.” Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Annual Meeting, September 19-22, 1999.

Augenstein JS, Perdeck E, Bowen J, Stratton J, Horton T, Singer M, Rao A, Digges KH, Malliaris AC, “Injury Patterns Among Belted Drivers Protected by Air Bags in 30 to 35 mph Crashes”, Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE), 1999. Windsor, Canada 199 99B-180.

Brookes C, Wang SC, MacWilliams J. Maxillofacial injuries in North American vehicle crashes. Proceedings of the British Trauma Society Annual Meeting, 1999.

Champion, H.R., Augenstein, J.S., Cushing, B., Digges, K.H., Hunt, R.C., Larkin, R., Malliaris, A.C., Sacco, W.J., Siegel, J.H. Urgency for a Safer America. AirMed, March/April, pp. 18-23, 1999.

Champion, H.R., Augenstein, J.S., Cushing, B., Digges, K.H., Hunt, R.C., Larkin, R., Malliaris, A.C., Sacco, W.J., Siegel, J.H. Reducing highway deaths and disabilities with automatic wireless transmission of serious injury probability ratings from crash recorders to emergency medical services providers. Proceedings of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) International Symposium on Transportation Recorders, May 3-5, 1999.

Cohn S, Dolich M, Matsuura K, Namias N, Kirton O, Shatz D, McKenney M, Sleeman D, Ginzburg E, Byers P, Augenstein J, “Digital Imaging Technology in Trauma Education: A Quantum Leap Forward.” Journal of Trauma. (Submitted April 2, 1999)

Dischinger PC, Ho SM, Kufera JA: The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury: A statewide study of hospitalized Maryland drivers. 43rd Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 71-88, 1999.

Gotschall CS, Marchant M, Dougherty DJ, Eichelberger MR. Accuracy of police crash reports in determining child restraint usage and injury severity in the United States. 43rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 1999

Gotschall CS, Luchter S, Wing J-S. Head injuries to motor vehicle occupants aged 0-5 years. 43rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 1999.

Hoyt D, Augenstein, J. Aortic Injuries in Near-Side Collisions. Powerpoint presentation from the Third Annual CIREN Conference in San Diego, CA. 1999

Scally, JT, McCullough, CA, Brown, LJ & Eppinger, R "Computers in Clinical Care" - International Journal of Trauma Nursing, Volume 5, Number 4, October-December 1999

Abstracts & Presentations
Acosta JA, Yang JC, Winchell R, Simons RK, Fortlage DA, Hollingsworth-Fridlund P, Hoyt DB. "Lethal Injuries And Time To Death In A Level 1 Trauma Center." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 1998; 186: 528-533.

Wang, S.C., Siegel, J.H., Dischinger, P.C., Loo, G.T., Tenenbaum, N., Burgess, A.R., Schneider, L.W., Bents, F.D. The interactive effects of age and sex on injury patterns and outcomes in elderly motor vehicle crash occupants. 3rd Annual CIREN Conference, CA, ABSTRACT, 1999.

1998

Alarcon WH, Klein RD, MacWilliams J, Pucci P, Taheri P, Dries D, Schneider L, Wang SC. Comparison of Outcomes of Passenger-Sedan Occupants from Near-Side Impacts by Sport Utility Vehicles and Pickup Trucks. Proceedings, 58th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, 1998, 180.

Augenstein JS, Digges KH, Cooper G, Hoyt DB, Eastman B, Burgess A, Dischinger P, Scally J, Wang S, Schneider L., Siegel, JH, Loo G, Grossman D, Rivara F, Eichelberger M, Gotschall C, Lombardo LV, Brown L, Eppinger R, “The CIREN Experience.” 98-S6-P-21, Proceedings, 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), May 31-June 4, 1998, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, published by US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 808 759, Vol. 2, pp. 1325-1327, October 1998.

Augenstein JS, Perdeck E, Williamson J, Stratton J, Horton T, Malliaris AC, Lombardo LV, “Injury Patterns Among Air Bag Equipped Vehicles.” 98-S1-O-06, Proceedings, 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), May 31-June 4, 1998, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, published by US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 808 759, Vol. 1, pp. 213-221, October 1998.

Champion, H.R., Augenstein, J.S., Cushing, B., Digges, K.H., Hunt, R.C., Larkin, R., Malliaris, A.C., Sacco, W.J., Siegel, J.H. Automatic Crash Notification. AirMed, March/April, pp. 36-39, 1998.

Copeland CE, Mitchell KA, Brumback RJ, Gens DR, Burgess AR, Mortality in Patients With Bilateral Femoral Fractures, Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, Vol 12, No. 5, pp 315-319, 1998.

Crandall JR, Martin PG, Sieveka EM, Pilkey WD, Dischinger PC, Burgess AF, O’Quinn TD, Schmidhauser CB: Lower limb response and injury in frontal crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention 30(5): 667-677, September 1998.

Dischinger PC, Siegel JH, Ho SM, Kufera JA: Effect of change in velocity on the development of medical complications in patients with multisystem trauma sustained in vehicular crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention 30(6): 831-837, 1998.

Gotschall CS, Better SI, Bulas D, Eichelberger MR, Bents F, Warner M. Injuries to children restrained in 2- and 3-point belts. 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 42:29-44, 1998.

Gotschall CS, Dougherty DJ, Eichelberger MR, Bents FD. Traffic-related injuries to children: Lessons from real world crashes. 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 42:165-178, 1998.

Slomovitz BM, Lavery RF, Tortella BJ, Siegel JH, Bachi BL, Ciccone A, Validation of a hand held lactate device in determination of blood lactate in critically injured patients, Crit. Care Med., 26: 1523-1528, 1998.

Abstracts & Presentations
Kracun M. "Correlating crash injuries: People and vehicles". Orthopedic Trauma Association 18th Annual Meeting, San Francisco CA, May 1998.

1997

Augenstein JS, Perdeck E, Williamson J, Stratton J, Murtha M, Sapnas K, Digges KH, Malliaris AC, Lombardo LV, “Heart Injuries Among Restrained Occupants in Frontal Crashes”, The Engineering Society for Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and Space International (SAE) 1997 Technical Paper Series reprinted from Occupant Protection and Injury Assessment in the Automotive Crash Environment (SP-1231) SAE 970392, February, 1997.

Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR, Morrissey JR, Better AL, Reardon J, Bents F. Nonfatal air bag deployments involving child passengers. Child Occupant Protection 2nd Symposium Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 1997; 17?24.

Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR, Morrissey JR, Better AL, Reardon J, Bents F. Injury patterns associated with child restraint misuse. 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 1997; 187?194

Malliaris AC, Digges KH, DeBlois JH, "Relationships Between Crash Casualties and Crash Attributes," Society of Automotive Engineers SAE 970393, February 1997. The development of the URGENCY triage algorithm reported in this paper was part of a multidisciplinary team's effort and was presented to the NHTSA Administrator in a briefing March 27, 1997. The multidisciplinary team was led by Champion HR, and included Augenstein JS, Cushing B, Digges KH, Hunt RC, Larkin R, Lombardo LV, Malliaris AC, Sacco WJ, and Siegel JH.

Paparo PH, Snyder HM, Gotschall CS, Johnson DL, Eichelberger MR. The relationship of two measures of injury severity to children's psychological outcome 3 years after acute head injury. J Head Trauma Rehab 1997; 12(3):51?6

1996

Augenstein JS, Digges KH, Perdeck EB, Lombardo LV, Malliaris AC, “Injuries Sustained by Air Bag Protected Drivers.” The Engineering Society for Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and Space International. (SAE) 1996 Technical Paper Series reprinted from Occupant Protection Technologies for Frontal Impact: Current Needs and Expectations for the 21st Century, (SP-1144) SAE 960660, February, 1996.

Augenstein JS, Perdeck EB, Murtha M, Stratton J, Quigley C, Zych G, Byers PM, Nunez D, Digges KH, Lombardo LV, Malliaris AC, “Injuries Sustained by Drivers in Air Bag Crashes.” The XIV International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Melbourne, Australia. Paper no. 96-S10-O-01. May 15, 1996.

Crandall JR, Martin PG, Bass CR, Pilkey WD, Dischinger PC, Burgess AR, O'Quinn TD, Schmidhauser CB: Foot and ankle injury: The roles of driver anthropometry, footwear and pedal control. 40th Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp 1-18, 1996

Digges KH, Haffner M, Lombardo L, Stucki L, Malliaris AC, Augenstein JS, Perdeck EB, “Challenges in Injury Measurement Technology for Testing of Driver Air Bag Systems.” The XIV International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Melbourne, Australia. Paper no. 96-S10-O-02. May 15, 1996.

Dischinger PC, Ho SM, Kerns TJ: Patterns of injury in frontal collisions with and without airbags. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact, pp 311-319, 1996.

Loo GT, Siegel JH, Dischinger PC, Rixen D, Addis MD, O'Quinn T, McCammon L, Schmidhauser CB, Marsh P, Hodge PA, Burgess AR, Bents F: "Airbag protection versus compartment intrusion effect determines the pattern of injuries in multiple trauma motor vehicle crashes". J Trauma 41(6): 935-951, December 1996.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), “NHTSA Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network,” Annals of Emergency Medicine, October, 1996; 28:450-451.

Siegel, JH "Patterns of associated injuries in lower extremity and pelvic MVC trauma: the effect of safety restraints". PROCEEDINGS NHTSA Conference on Lower Extremity Injuries, 1996

1995

Augenstein JS, “Accident Reconstruction in the Air Bag Era.” Miami Medicine, The Official Publication of the Dade County Medical Association, May 1995.

Augenstein JS, Digges KH, Lombardo LV, Perdeck EB, Stratton JE, Quigley CV, Malliaris AC, “Chest and Abdominal Injuries Suffered by Restrained Occupants.” The Engineering Society for Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and Space International (SAE) 1995 Technical Paper Series reprinted from Advances in Occupant Protection Technologies for the Mid-Nineties (SP-1077) SAE 950657, February 1995.

Augentein JS, Digges KH, Lombardo LV, Perdeck EB, Stratton JE, Malliaris AC, “Occult Abdominal Injury of Air Bag and Automatic Lap-Shoulder Belt Protected Crash Victims: A Challenge to Trauma Systems.” Journal of Trauma, April 1995.

Augenstein JS, Digges KH, Malliaris AC, Perdeck EB, Lombardo LV, Stratton J, Nunez D Jr., Byers PM, Quigley CV, Young P, Andron J, Murtha M, Craythorne AK, Zych G, “Liver Injuries Associated with 2-Point Belt Restraints in Frontal Crashes”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39th Annual Proceedings of Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 1995.

Burgess AR, Dischinger PC, O'Quinn TD, Schmidhauser CB: Lower extremity injuries in drivers of airbag-equipped automobiles: Clinical and crash reconstruction correlations. J Trauma 38(4): 509-516, 1995.

Crandall JR, Martin PG, Sieveka EM, Klopp GS, Kuhlmann TP, Pilkey WD, Dischinger PC, Burgess AR, O'Quinn TD, Schmidhauser CB: The influence of footwell intrusion on lower extremity response and injury in frontal crashes. 39th Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 269-286, 1995.

Dischinger PC, Kerns TJ, Kufera JA: Lower extremity fractures in motor vehicle collisions: The role of driver gender and height. Accid Anal Prev 27(4): 601-606, 1995.

Dischinger PC: The epidemiology of pelvic and lower extremity fractures among hospitalized drivers. The Proceedings of the Conference on Pelvic and Lower Extremity Injuries. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Washington, DC, December 4-6, 1995.

Dischinger, P.C., Siegel, J.H., Ho, S.M., Kufera, J. The effect of impact velocity (Delta V) on development of injury complications in multiple trauma motor vehicle crash patients. PROCEEDINGS of the 39th Association for Advancement of Automotive Medicine pp. 367-379, 1995.

Dischinger PC, Injury Surveillance: The Role of Data Linkage, Proceedings of the International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics, Vol. 1, CDC DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 95-1252

Sturm PF, Glass RBJ, Sivit CJ, Eichelberger MR. Lumbar Compression fractures secondary to lap belt use in children. J Pediatric Orthopaedics, 1995; 15:521-523.

Siegel JH, The Effect of Associated Injuries, Blood Loss, and Oxygen Debt on Death and Disability in Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury: The Need for Early Physiologic Predictors of Severity, Journal of Neurotrauma, Vol 12, No. 4, 1995.

1994

Augenstein JS, Digges KH, Lombardo LV, Perdeck EB, Stratton JE, Quigley CV, Malliaris AC, “Airbag Protected Crash Victims – The Challenge of Identifying Occult Injuries”, The Engineering Society for Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and Space International (SAE) 1994 Technical Paper Series reprinted from In-Depth Accident Investigation: Trauma Team Findings in Late Model Vehicle Collisions (SP 1042) SAE 940714, February 1994.

Augenstein JS, Perdeck EB, Stratton J, Digges KH, Lombardo LV, Malliaris AC, “Injuries Sustained by Air Bag Occupants in Frontal Crashes” The XIII International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper no. 94-S4-O-18, 1994.

Bents FD, Dischinger PC, Siegel JH: Trauma center based crash investigation research: Methodologies and applications. In: In-Depth Accident Investigation: Trauma Team Findings in Late Model Vehicle Collisions, Warrendale, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, 1994, pp 1-10.

Dischinger PC, Burgess AR, Cushing BM, O'Quinn TD, Schmidhauser CB, Ho SM, Juliano PJ, Bents FD: Lower extremity trauma in vehicular front-seat occupants: Patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center. In: In-Depth Accident Investigation: Trauma Team Findings in Late Model Vehicle Collisions, Warrendale, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, 1994, SAE 940710, pp 11-18.

Dischinger PC, Kerns TJ, Kufera JA: Lower extremity fractures in motor vehicle collisions: The role of driver gender and height. 38th Proceedings of the Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp 335-342, 1994.

Dischinger PC, Burgess AR, Cushing BM, Pilkey WD, Crandall JR, Sieveka EM, Klopp GS: Lower extremity trauma in vehicular front-seat occupants. In: Shieh SJ (ed), Proceedings of the Injury Prevention through Biomechanics Symposium, Michigan, Centers for Disease Control, Wayne State University, 1994, pp 29-42.

Gokcen EC, Burgess AR, Siegel JH, Mason-Gonzalez S, Dischinger P, Ho SM: Pelvic fracture mechanism of injury in vehicular trauma patients. J Trauma 36(6): 789-796, 1994.

Gotschall C, Morrissey R, Moront M, Eichelberger, M: Restraint-related injury to children in motor vehicle crashes. In: Vossoughi J, ed. Biomedical Engineering Recent Developments. Washington, DC: Engineering Research Center, University of the District of Columbia, 1994; 598-601.

Siegel JH, Shafi S, Goodarzi S, Dischinger PC: A quantitative method for cost reimbursement and length of stay quality assurance in multiple trauma patients. J Trauma 37(6): 928-937, 1994.

1993

Dischinger, P.C., Siegel, J.H., Read, K.M., Mason-Gonzalez, S. The role of medical conditions in high-speed car crashes. 37th Proceedings Association of Advancement of Automotive Medicine 423-424, 1993.

Dischinger PC, Cushing BM, Kerns TJ: Injury patterns associated with direction of impact: Drivers admitted to trauma centers. J Trauma 35(3): 454-459, 1993.

Gotschall CS, Bents FD, Khaewpong N, Sturm PF, Sivit CJ, Eichelberger MR: The performance of lap/shoulder belts in restraining children in motor vehicle crashes. In: Child Occupant Protection (SP-986). Warrendale, Pennsylvania: Society of Automotive Engineers 1993.

Lombardo LV, Ryan SD, “Detection of Internal Injuries in Drivers Protected by Air Bags,” NHTSA Research Note, August 1993.

Siegel JH, Mason-Gonzalez S, Dischinger PC, Read KM, Cushing BM, Badellino MC, Goodarzi S, Smialek JE, Heatfield BM, Robinson RM, Parkison K, Hill WJ, Jackson JW, Livingston DJ, Bents FD, Clark CC: Causes and costs of injuries in multiple trauma patients requiring extrication from motor vehicle crashes. J Trauma 35(6): 920-931, 1993.

Siegel JH, Mason-Gonzales S, Dischinger P, Cushing B, Read K, Robinson R, Smialek J, Heatfield B, Hill W, Bents F, Jackson J, Livingston D, Clark C, “Safety Belt Restraints and Compartment Intrusions in Frontal and Lateral Motor Vehicle Crashes: Mechanisms of Injuries, Complications, and Acute Care Costs,” Journal of Trauma, Vol. 5, No. 34, 1993

1992

Dischinger P, Cushing B, Kerns T: Lower extremity fractures in motor vehicle collisions: Influence of direction of impact and seatbelt use. 36th Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 319-325, 1992.

Shalaby-Rana E, Eichelberger MR, Kerzner B, Kapur S: Intestinal stricture due to lapbelt injury. A report of two cases. Amer J Radiology, 1992; 158, 63-64.

Siegel JH, Dischinger P, The Medical Consequences of Car Crashes: An Automobile Crash Trauma Study, Vols. I, II, III, IV, NHTSA Reports DOT HS 808 156, 808 157, 808 158, and 808 159, July 1992

1991

Bond SJ, Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR. Predictors of Abdominal Injury in children with pelvic fracture. J Trauma 1991; 31: 1169-1173

Newman K, Bowman LM, Eichelberger MR, Taylor GA, Johnson D, Loe W, Gotschall CS. The lap belt complex: intestinal and lumbar spine injury in children. J The Institute for Injury Reduction, 1991; 1:54-61.

Simpson D, Cushing B, Birschbach J, Siegel JH, Dischinger P, Burgess A, Jackson J, Livingston D, Bents F, et al: Direction of collision forces: Concordance of police accident reports and crash investigation findings. Proceedings 35th Conf. of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 261-267, 1991.

Siegel, J.H., Gens, D.R., Mamantov., T., Geisler, F.H., Goodarzi, S., and MacKenzie, E.J. Effect of associated injuries and blood volume replacement on death, rehabilitation needs and disability in blunt traumatic brain injury. Crit. Care Med., 19(10):1252-1265, 1991.

Sivit CJ, Taylor GA, Newman KD, Bulas DI, Gotschall CS, Wright CJ, Eichelberger MR. Safety belt injuries in children with lap-belt ecchymosis: CT findings of 61 patients. Amer J Radiology, 1991; 57: 111-114.

1990

Newman K, Eichelberger MR, Bowman LM, Taylor GA, Loe W, Gotschall CS: The lap belt complex: Intestinal and lumbar spine injury in children. Journal of Trauma 1990; 30: 1133-1140.

Siegel JH, Mason-Gonzalez S, Cushing BM, Dischinger PC, Cornwell EC, Smialek JE, Heatfield BM, Soderstrom CA, Read KM, Robinson RM, Parkinson K, Dailey JT, Hill WJ, Jackson JW, Livingston DJ, Bents FD, Shankar BS: A prospective study of injury patterns, outcomes, and costs of high speed frontal versus lateral motor vehicle crashes. Proceedings, 34th Conference, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 289-314, 1990.

Siegel, J.H., Dalal, S.A., Burgess, A.R., and Young, J.W.R. Pattern of organ injuries in pelvic fracture: Impact force implications for survival and death in motor vehicle injuries. Acid. Anal. & Prev., 22(5):457-466, 1990.

Early Studies

Champion HR, Copes WS, Craig M, Morelli S, Keast S, Bain L, A Preliminary Study of Head and Neck Trauma of Automobile Crashes, and their Consequences, NHTSA Report DOT HS 807 052, Washington, DC, June 1986.

Dalal, S.A., Burgess, A.R., Siegel, J.H., Young, J.W., Brumback, R.J., Poka, A., Dunham, C.M., Gens, D., and Bathon, G.H.Pelvic fracture in multiple trauma: Classification by mechanism is key to pattern of organ injury, resuscitative requirements and outcome.J. Trauma, 29(7): 981-1002, 1989.

Dischinger PC, Cowley RA, Shankar BS, Smialek J: The incidence of ruptured aorta among vehicular fatalities. 32nd Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp 15-24, 1988.

Dischinger PC, Shankar BS, Kochesfahani D, Turney SZ, Clark B, Bailey T, Cowley RA: Automotive collisions involving serious injury or death: An analysis of trends over time (1980-1983) in Maryland. 29th Proceedings of the American Association for Automotive Medicine, pp 287-297, 1985.

Jones IS, Champion HR, "Trauma Triage: Vehicle Damage as an Estimate of Injury Severity," Journal of Trauma, Vol. 29, No. 5, May 1989, p. 646.

MacKenzie, E.J., Siegel, J.H., Shapiro, S., Moody, M., and Smith, R.T.Functional recovery and medical costs of trauma:An analysis by type and severity of injury, J. Trauma, 28(3): 281-297, 1988.

MacKenzie, E.J., Shapiro, S., and Siegel, J.H.The economic impact of traumatic injuries:One year treatment related expenditures.JAMA, 260(22): 3290-3296, 1988.

Ommaya AK, Digges KH, “A Study of Head and Neck Injury Mechanisms by Reconstruction of Automobile Accidents,” Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference, Goteborg, Sweden, 1985.

Ommaya AK, “Mechanisms and Preventive Management of Head Injuries: A Paradigm for Injury Control,” 32nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, September 12-14, 1988.

Rivkind, A.I., Siegel, J.H., and Dunham, M.Patterns of organ injury in blunt hepatic trauma and their significance for management and outcome.J. Trauma, 29(10): 1398-1415, 1989.

Siegel, J.H., Dalal, S.A., Burgess, A.R., and Young, J.W.R. Pattern of organ injuries in pelvic fracture:Impact force implications for survival and death in motor vehicle injuries.PROCEEDINGS:33rd Conf. of Assoc. for Advancement of Automotive Medicine (pp. 353-366), 1989