Interpretation ID: 77-1.24

TYPE: INTERPRETATION-NHTSA

DATE: 02/17/77

FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; F. Berndt; NHTSA

TO: Topeka Metropolitan Transit

TITLE: FMVSS INTERPRETATION

TEXT: This responds to your January 4, 1977, letter posing several questions concerning the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) definition of school bus and its effect upon the use of transit buses to transport children to and from school.

You asked several questions in your letter:

(1) Are buses designed and sold for operation as common carriers in urban transportation prohibited from use in school transportation services under Federal regulations?

Buses sold for operation as common carriers in urban transportation (transit buses) are not prohibited from use in school transportation. The definition of "school bus" is not intended to include transit buses on regular common-carrier routes, although they may be used in some circumstances to transport school students to and from school and related events. This type of bus has never been considered a school bus under the motor vehicle safety standards for school bus construction or under the Pupil Transportation Standard No. 17 (43 CFR 1204) for school bus operation.

(2) If the answer to (1) is no, must such buses when used incidentally in school transportation services comply with any safety standards required of "school buses" under the Federal regulations and if so, from which are they exempt and to which must they comply? (of special concern is forward facing seats requirement of 49 CFR @ 571.222 - s5.1).

The answer to your question is no. As noted above, common carriers in urban transportation are excluded from the Federal definition of "school bus" and need not comply with any Federal school bus construction regulation. While Kansas has chosen to define "school bus" differently (and in a manner to include these transit buses), this state definition represents a voluntary decision to extend Federal construction requirements (such as forward facing seats) to a broader catagory of vehicles than dictated by Federal law and regulations.

(3) Do federal regulations encourage or discourage the incidental use of common carrier buses to help solve urban school transportation problems?

Federal safety regulations promulgated under the authority of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act neither encourage nor discourage the incidental use of transit buses to transport children to and from school.

(4) Is the Kansas law with regard to school buses, by its definition in K.S.A. 8-1461 (Supp., 1976), and its requirements of under K.S.A. 8-2009 (Supp., 1976) (which include all safety requirements of the Kansas Transportation Manual, effective May 1, 1976) preempted, as applied to common carriers sold and designed for use in urban transportation, by federal law under 15 U.S.C. @ 1392 (d)?

The NHTSA responded to your question on preemption in our letter dated June 15, 1976. That response is still valid. With regard to your question concerning the preemption of the Kansas definition of "school bus," only state motor vehicle safety standards in conflict with Federal standards are preempted. State definitions of terms are not preempted by Federal definitions.

SINCERELY,

TOPEKA METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY

January 14, 1977

Frank Berndt Acting Chief Counsel U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

On May 17, 1976 the Topeka Metropolitan Transit Authority requested an opinion from your office concerning a proposed amendment to an existing Kansas statute and its possible conflict with Federal law. Your responsive opinion of June 15, 1976 was helpful but our efforts failed in the Kansas legislature.

Currently, under my understanding of Kansas law, the TMTA is prohibited from transporting any school child to or from school in its buses which were designed and sold for use as common carriers in urban transportation because of the Kansas definition of school bus (K.S.A. 8-1461 Supp, 1976), the requirement of forward facing seats (K.S.A. 8-2009 (a) Supp. 1976) and many other regulations issued by the secretary of transportation under authority of K.S.A. 8-2009 (Supp. 1976) to which TMTA's common carrier buses do not comply.

Consequently the TMTA is proposing amendments to the Kansas statutes which prohibit the use of our buses in school related transportation. There is concern by the Director of Highway Safety that to allow utilization of TMTA's buses would violate Federal law and regulations, and in the 1976 legislature session he convinced the legislators of his belief.

To clear up this controversy we request an update of your last opinion by responding to the following specific questions:

(1) Are buses designed and sold for operation as common carriers in urban transportation prohibited from use in school transportation services under Federal regulations?

(2) If the answer to (1) is no, must such buses when used incidentally in school transportation services comply with any safety standards required of "school buses" under the Federal regulations and if so, from which are they exempt and to which must they comply? (of special concern is forward facing seats requirement of 49 CFR @ 571.222 - s5.1).

(3) Do federal regulations encourage or discourage the incidental use of common carrier buses to help solve urban school transportation problems?

(4) Is the Kansas law with regard to school buses, by its definition in K.S.A.8-1461 (Supp., 1976), and its requirements of under K.S.A. 8-2009 (Supp., 1976) (which include all safety requirements of the Kansas Transportation Manual, effective May 1, 1976) preempted, as applied to common carriers sold and designed for use in urban transportation, by federal law under 15 U.S.C. @ 1392 (d)?

Answers to these questions or as many of them as you feel is appropriate, will greatly clarify our position.

James N. Clymer Legal Staff