NHTSA Interpretation File Search
Overview
NHTSA's Chief Counsel interprets the statutes that the agency administers and the standards and regulations that it issues. Members of the public may submit requests for interpretation, and the Chief Counsel will respond with a letter of interpretation. These interpretation letters look at the particular facts presented in the question and explain the agency’s opinion on how the law applies given those facts. These letters of interpretation are guidance documents. They do not have the force and effect of law and are not meant to bind the public in any way. They are intended only to provide information to the public regarding existing requirements under the law or agency policies.
Understanding NHTSA’s Online Interpretation Files
NHTSA makes its letters of interpretation available to the public on this webpage.
An interpretation letter represents the opinion of the Chief Counsel based on the facts of individual cases at the time the letter was written. While these letters may be helpful in determining how the agency might answer a question that another person has if that question is similar to a previously considered question, do not assume that a prior interpretation will necessarily apply to your situation.
- Your facts may be sufficiently different from those presented in prior interpretations, such that the agency's answer to you might be different from the answer in the prior interpretation letter;
- Your situation may be completely new to the agency and not addressed in an existing interpretation letter;
- The agency's safety standards or regulations may have changed since the prior interpretation letter was written so that the agency's prior interpretation no longer applies; or
- Some combination of the above, or other, factors.
Searching NHTSA’s Online Interpretation Files
Before beginning a search, it’s important to understand how this online search works. Below we provide some examples of searches you can run. In some cases, the search results may include words similar to what you searched because it utilizes a fuzzy search algorithm.
Single word search
Example: car
Result: Any document containing that word.
Multiple word search
Example: car seat requirements
Result: Any document containing any of these words.
Connector word search
Example: car AND seat AND requirements
Result: Any document containing all of these words.
Note: Search operators such as AND or OR must be in all capital letters.
Phrase in double quotes
Example: "headlamp function"
Result: Any document with that phrase.
Conjunctive search
Example: functionally AND minima
Result: Any document with both of those words.
Wildcard
Example: headl*
Result: Any document with a word beginning with those letters (e.g., headlamp, headlight, headlamps).
Example: no*compl*
Result: Any document beginning with the letters “no” followed by the letters “compl” (e.g., noncompliance, non-complying).
Not
Example: headlamp NOT crash
Result: Any document containing the word “headlamp” and not the word “crash.”
Complex searches
You can combine search operators to write more targeted searches.
Note: The database does not currently support phrase searches with wildcards (e.g., “make* inoperative”).
Example: Headl* AND (supplement* OR auxiliary OR impair*)
Result: Any document containing words that are variants of “headlamp” (headlamp, headlights, etc.) and also containing a variant of “supplement” (supplement, supplemental, etc.) or “impair” (impair, impairment, etc.) or the word “auxiliary.”
Search Tool
NHTSA's Interpretation Files Search
Interpretations | Date |
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ID: nht78-4.32OpenDATE: 10/05/78 FROM: JOSEPH J. LEVIN -- CHIEF COUNSEL, NHTSA TO: CHARLES B. HONEYCUTT -- DIRECTOR OF PUPIL PERSONNEL GLASGOW INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS TITLE: NONE TEXT: This responds to your July 13, 1978, letter asking whether you may use a 12 Passenger van to Transport 9 cheerleaders to basketball games. This van does not comply with the school bus safety standards. If the van to which you refer was manufactured prior to April 1, 1977, then it may be used to transport school children. The new school bus safety standards became effective on that date and, therefore, do not apply to vehicles manufactured prior to that date. Any vehicle manufactured on or after that date designed to carry more than 10 persons and which is sold to transport school children to or from school or related events must comply with all of the school bus safety standards. These vehicles must comply with the standards regardless of the fact that a user might not transport more than 9 students in the vehicle. A dealer is in violation of the law if it knowingly sells to a school a vehicle that was manufactured on or after April 1, 1977, that is to be used to transport school children, and that does not comply with the school bus safety standards. Such violation is punishable by a fine of up to $ 1,000. If your van was manufactured on or after the effective date, we suggest that you arrange with the dealer to repurchase the van. If the dealer refuses, please notify us and we will take appropriate action. |
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ID: nht78-4.33OpenDATE: March 27, 1978 FROM: Joseph J. Levin, Jr. - Chief Counsel, NHTSA TO: Bill Nanninga -- Division of Planning, Wisconsin Department of Transportation TITLE: None ATTACHMT: Attached to letter dated 8-3-77 from J.J. Levin, Jr. to J.L. O'Connell (VSA 102(14)); Also attached to letter dated 7-12-77 from J.J. Levin, Jr. to J. Thomason (VSA 102(14)); Also attached to letter dated 9-10-90 from P.J. Rice to E. Kultgen (A36; VSA 108(b)(1)); VSA 102 (14); Part 571.3); Also attached to letter dated 5-29-90 from E. Kultgen to S.P. Wood (OCC 4843); Also attached to letter dated 5-10-82 from F. Berndt (signature by S.P. Wood) to M.V. Chauvin TEXT: This confirms your March 13, 1978, conversation with Roger Tilton of my staff concerning the applicability of the Federal school bus safety standards to buses designed to transport handicapped adults or other adults to training or rehabilitation facilities. Such vehicles are not considered school buses for purposes of the application of Federal school bus safety standards and would not have to comply with those standards. You indicated that a state law requires that these buses be labeled school buses although they are not painted school bus yellow nor used to transport school children to and from school or related events. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) discourages the use of the label school bus on vehicles that are not used to transport school children. Further, although the agency would not consider these vehicles to be school buses and would not require their compliance with school bus safety standards, you will probably find very few manufacturers who are willing to mark a bus as a school bus without manufacturing it in compliance with the standards, because the use of such a vehicle as a school bus would subject the manufacturer to liability. |
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ID: nht78-4.4OpenDATE: 02/02/78 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; John Womack; NHTSA TO: Eagle Equipment Company TITLE: FMVSR INTERPRETATION TEXT: Our Regional Office in San Francisco has forwarded to us for reply your request for an interpretation of 49 CFR Part 580, Odometer Disclosure Requirements. The question you raised is who executes the odometer statement when the vehicles are owned by and registered in your name, but turned over to a leasing company who in turn sells the vehicles. Section 408 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act requires each transferor of a motor vehicle to issue an odometer disclosure statement to each transferee. The transferor is defined in 49 CFR Section 580.3 as "any person who transfers his ownership in a motor vehicle . . . " Therefore, you as the owner of the vehicle are required to execute the statement. However, since you never see the vehicles, but rely on the leasing company to sell them for you, you may also rely on the leasing company to act as your agent and execute the odometer statements for you. Since you are the legal owner of the vehicles, it is your responsibility to execute the statements. If you are concerned about the possiblity that thee leasing company may alter the odometer or make an improper disclosure, you may find it advisable to protect yourself by requiring the leasing company to indemnify you in the event of liability under the Act. |
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ID: nht78-4.5OpenDATE: 05/10/78 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; Joseph J. Levin Jr.; NHTSA TO: The Barbour House TITLE: FMVSR INTERPRETATION TEXT: This responds to your January 12, 1978, letter asking several questions concerning the applicability of the Federal safety standards to vehicles that are being reconstructed with new chassis. The answers to your specific questions are set forth below. 1. You ask whether the replacement of the engine, transmission, drive train, rear end, frame, front axle, front brakes, wheels, and steering box constitutes the manufacture of a new chassis requiring a new or upgraded body. The answer to your question is yes. Part 571.7(e) of Volume 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations specifies the items that must be retained in a truck chassis in order that such chassis be considered used. These same considerations apply to reconstructed school buses since they are built on truck chassis. 2. You ask what parts of a chassis must be retained to ensure that the vehicle could continue to utilize an old body that does not comply with current Federal safety standards. Part 571.7(e) states that, at a minimum, the engine, transmission, and drive axle(s) must be retained. 3. You ask who must certify a remanufactured vehicle if its chassis is considered old or new. In the case of an old chassis that retains the required components and is therefore considered used, no certification is required of any repair business. In the case of a remanufactured chassis, the chassis manufacturer must certify his chassis for compliance and the shop that installs the body must certify the final compliance of the vehicle. 4. Part 568.8 states that vehicles altered before the first purchase for purposes other than resale must be labeled with an alterer's label. When a new chassis is installed in a vehicle, this is not an alteration, but rather, it is the manufacture of a new motor vehicle. Therefore, section 568.8 would not apply. The other provisions of Part 568 relating to the manufacture of a new motor vehicle would apply to this reconstructed vehicle. The person undertaking the remanufacture would be treated like the original manufacturer of the vehicle and would be required to certify it for compliance with the standards. 5. Standards promulgated after 1975 that are specifically applicable to school buses are: Standard No. 217-76, Bus Window Retention and Release, Standard No. 220, School Bus Rollover Protection, Standard No. 221, School Bus Body Joint Strength, Standard No. 222, School Bus Passenger Seating and Crash Protection, and Standard No. 301-75, Fuel System Integrity. Many of the other safety standards apply to school buses as well as other vehicles. I am enclosing a sheet detailing the applicability of Federal safety standards. All Federal safety standards are located in Volume 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 571. By examining the standards in Part 571, you can ascertain when their most recent amendment has occurred. |
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ID: nht78-4.6OpenDATE: 05/10/78 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; Joseph J. Levin Jr.; NHTSA TO: Potts Motorcycle Company TITLE: FMVSR INTERPRETATION TEXT: This responds to your February 11, 1978, letter asking whether a device manufactured by you which is designed to tow motorcycles behind a motor vehicle would be considered a trailer. The term trailer is defined in Part 571.3 of Volume 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations to mean "a motor vehicle with or without motive power, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by another motor vehicle." Since your device falls within the ambit of this definition, it is considered a trailer and must comply with all of the Federal motor vehicle safety standards applicable to that vehicle type. SINCERELY, POTTS MOTORCYCLE CO. February 11, 1978 U. S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Dear Sirs: This is in reference to your letter of January 30, 1978, concerning HEF 32 GSH. The Trakor is a two wheel towing accessory for transporting motorcycles behind a car, van or truck. I hold the Patent in my name. The Trakor is being manufactured and distributed under contract by Trakor Inc., 5005 East Evans, Denver, Colo. The accessory is not a trailer, as it can not be towed unless it is attached to a motorcycle. When not in use, it can be folded to fit in the trunk of a car or stored in a small place. When used on a road motorcycle, the tail light can be connected to the circuit of the towing vehicle. When used on a race motorcycle, a light can be attached to the motorcycle or unit if it is to be towed at night. Enclosed is literature regarding the information you requested. If additional information is needed, either contact Trakor or Potts Motorcycle Company. THE TRAKOR Specially designed for traveling with your bike by a bike racer, rider and dealer. This is Trakor, the revolutionary new, easy-to-load bike tow. Trakor was designed and engineered by a motorcycle dea who is also an avid rider and racer. He found the available small tows too small -- and the large ones too large. So designed the perfect size: Trakor. There are several other features about the new Trakor you'll love: 1) It doesn't have be licensed or titled. 2) It weighs only 72 lbs. 3) It folds up to fit into a trunk or closet. 4) It will tow a 600 lb. bike at free speeds. (Graphics omitted) It's so simple anyone can do it: First, open the unit out to its full extension. Then, back the bike straight over the hitching plates. Making "tracks" with TRAKOR. You'll see when the bike's wheel passes over the unit's axle, the swing arm (folded section) lifts up to bolt directly to the bike frame. Attach the U bolts over the frame of the bike on each side. It bolts down through the welded attachment of the swing arm. (Graphics omitted) It is now securely attached and can be towed anywhere -- even with a 4-wheel drive vehicle. At this point the bike is securely on the Trakor. You should be able to lift the unit onto the hitch with relative ease. The Trakor uses a standard hitch, take the ball off the hitch, the plate bolts directly to the hitch tongue. Now, attach the unit to the towing vehicle. And . . . THE TRAKOR even fits in your trunk (Graphics omitted) |
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ID: nht78-4.7OpenDATE: 05/31/78 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; Joseph J. Levin Jr.; NHTSA TO: Arcola Bus Sales Co. TITLE: FMVSR INTERPRETATION TEXT: This confirms your conversation of May 9, 1978, with Roger Tilton of my staff concerning the applicability of the school bus safety standards to smaller van-type vehicles. As Mr. Tilton indicated, a vehicle that transports 9 passengers and a driver is not considered a school bus and need not comply with the school bus safety standards. A vehicle that transports 10 passengers and a driver is a school bus and must comply with all of the applicable school bus safety standards. |
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ID: nht78-4.8OpenDATE: 11/29/78 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; J. J. Levin, Jr.; NHTSA TO: Chrysler Corporation TITLE: FMVSS INTERPRETATION TEXT: FMVSS INTERPRETATION Ms. Joan Claybrook Administrator National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 400 Seventh Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20590 RE: MVSS 101 - Controls and Displays Docket 1-18; Notice 13 By notice published in the Federal Register on June 26, 1978 (43 FR 27541) the NHTSA amended MVSS 101 - Controls and Displays to require the use of ISO symbols on specific controls, telltales and gauges and the use of specified word call-outs to identify certain other controls and displays. The amendment is effective September 1, 1980 and until that date vehicles may comply with either the current or the amended standard. As amended the standard specifies symbols for separate oil pressure and coolant temperature gauges or telltales. It has been industry practice on some models to combine the monitroing of these two functions into a single telltale to indicate an "engine" malfunction. We believe that combining these two functions is appropriate because the response by the driver to either of these engine malfunctions is the same, safely pull to the side of the road and turn off the engine. We see nothing in the standard to prohibit the continued use of an engine function telltale. Therefore, Chrysler Corporation interprets the requirements of the standard to mean that a telltale which monitors engine function may be identified by the word "Engine". Therefore, we request the Administrator's concurrence with our interpretation that a telltale which monitors both engine oil pressure and coolant temperature may use the identifying word "Engine". If, however, our interpretation is not correct, this letter should be considered as a petition for reconsideration requesting that S5.2.3 and Table 2 be amended to allow the use of the word "Engine" to identify a telltale which monitors both engine oil pressure and coolant temperature. Sincerely, |
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ID: nht78-4.9OpenDATE: 08/31/78 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; J. J. Levin, Jr.; NHTSA TO: L. F. Henneberger, Esq. TITLE: FMVSS INTERPRETATION ATTACHMT: 6/9/78 letter from Lawrence F. Henneberger and Robert W. Green to Joseph J. Levin TEXT: This is in reply to your letter of June 9, 1978, on behalf of your client, Jacobs Manufacturing Company ("Jacobs" herein). Jacobs manufactures a diesel engine retarder system which "produces significant deceleration of a large truck so equipped." Jacobs believes that some means should be provided to warn following vehicles when a retarder is in use. It proposes to connect the retarder activation switch to the hazard warning system when a retarder is installed either as original equipment or as an aftermarket accessory. You have asked whether installation of the system would violate either 49 CFR 571.108, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108, or 15 U.S.C. 1397(a)(2)(A), section 108(a)(2)(A) of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. Paragraph S4.1.3 of Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108 prohibits the installation of any device as original equipment that would impair the effectiveness of lighting equipment required by the standard. Paragraph S4.1.1 and Table I require trucks whose overall width is 80 inches or greater to be equipped with a hazard warning flasher system. The Jacobs device may not be installed if it would impair the effectiveness of the required hazard warning flasher system. The intended use of the Jacobs device is that it act as a warning of a decelerating vehicle in the roadway which may present a potential hazard. As such it augments the hazard warning system and, in our view, would tend to enhance rather than impair its effectiveness. Therefore, it may be installed as original equipment without violating S4.1.3. We have no provisions that would either permit or preclude its sale as an aftermarket device, and whether it is permissible as such is a matter to be determined by the laws of the States in which the truck is registered and operated, as well as those administered by the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety, Federal Highway Administration. Section 108(a)(2)(A) of the Act prohibits a manufacturer, among others, from rendering inoperative, in whole or in part, any device installed in accordance with a Federal motor vehicle safety standard. Nothing in your letter indicates that the Jacobs device will affect the hazard warning signal flasher's ability to function at times when the Jacobs device is in operation, and therefore, it does not appear that its installation violates section 108(a)(2)(A). SINCERELY, Arent, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin & Kahn June 9, 1978 Joseph J. Levin, Esquire Chief Counsel National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Dear Mr. Levin: Our client, Jacobs Manufacturing Company, has manufactured and distributed its well-known diesel engine retarder (the "Jake[R] brake") for a number of years. The Jake[R] brake is sold both in the OEM market as original engine equipment (by such companies as Cummins Engine Co. and Mack Truck, among others) and as an aftermarket installation. This retarder provides auxiliary retarding capabilities independent of the vehicle's foundation brakes and permit a heavy truck to travel at normal traffic speeds on long downgrades, under full control, as well as extending the service life of the foundation brakes. In recent years, the retarding force generated by current-design engine retarders has increased considerably, and electric driveline retarders with markedly greater retarding horsepower have become available. For example, Jacobs is now marketing an electric retarder (the "Jake ER[R]"), rated at some two to three times the retarding force of a typical large diesel engine equipped with the Jake[R] brake. Because retarding forces of this magnitude are capable of producing significant deceleration of a large truck so equipped, Jacobs believes that some means should be provided to warn following vehicles when a retarder is in use. In addition, since a truck tractor equipped with a retarder may be used to pull a variety of different semi-trailers, the warning system must utilize existing vehicle equipment and operate both on the tractor alone ("bob-tail" configuration) and with any semi-trailer that may be hooked up. After careful analysis and based upon a meeting with NHTSA and BMCS representatives on June 6, 1978, Jacobs has concluded that use of the existing hazard warning flasher system would best provide such warning to following drivers. Many states now require trucks moving less than 40 m.p.h. on limited access highways to use their hazard warning flashers to alert other motorists that they are slow-moving. In order to provide this retarder warning signal automatically, Jacobs proposes to connect the retarder activation switch to the hazard warning system when a retarder is installed, either at the OEM or aftermarket level. Accordingly, the Company requests an advisory opinion that such use and connection of the hazard warning system is permissive and will not violate the requirements of FMVSS 108, nor will it violate the "antitampering" provisions set out in section 108(a)(2)(A) of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, as amended. Lawrence F. Henneberger Robert W. Green cc: Z. TAYLOR VINSON; GERALD M. BLOOM; JOSEPH WALSH; ROBERT BRENNER |
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ID: nht79-1.10OpenDATE: 12/05/79 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; F. Berndt; NHTSA TO: Theodore Bargman Company TITLE: FMVSS INTERPRETATION TEXT: NOA-30 Mr. Edward F. Tannery Theodore Bargman Company 129 Industrial Avenue Coldwater, Michigan 49036 Dear Mr. Tannery: This responds to your recent letter asking whether doors on aftermarket top covers for American Motors Jeeps would have to comply with Safety Standard No. 206, Door Locks and Door Retention Components. Safety Standard No. 206 applies to passenger cars, trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles, which would include Jeeps. The standard applies only to completed vehicles, however, and not to aftermarket motor vehicle equipment. Therefore, the doors on aftermarket Jeep top covers would not have to have locks. Further, doors on new Jeep vehicles would also not have to comply with the standard if they are "designed to be easily attached to or removed from" the vehicle, as provided in section S4 of the standard. Please contact Hugh Oates of my office if you have any further questions. Sincerely, Frank Berndt Chief Counsel October 30, 1979 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Office of Chief Counsel 400 7th St., S. W. Washington, D. C. 20590 Attention: Mr. Hugh Oates Legal Counsel Dear Mr. Oates: On October 29, 1979 I had a phone conversation with Mr. William Smith discussing the legalities of door latches and their requirements for Jeep Motor Vehicles. I know the requirements for automotive, motor homes, etc., all all under the FMVSS No. 206 and test procedures of S.A.E. for transverse, longitudinal, inertia testing but on the American Motor Jeep, it has no top cover or a canvas type cover. There is only a handle latch without a first and second stop strike, and no locking mechanism. My question is, where can we find information covering such a top if they were to be manufactured or fabricated for the aftermarket by an independent company. Would this type of application require a safety lock or come under a different category? I would appreciate any help you can give on door restraint handles and latches for either canvas tops with side curtains and canvas doors, or fiberglas tops with side doors (entrance doors) for Jeeps. Sincerely, THEODORE BARGMAN COMPANY Edward F. Tannery Vice President of Manufacturing iw |
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ID: nht79-1.11OpenDATE: 01/09/79 FROM: AUTHOR UNAVAILABLE; J. J. Levin, Jr.; NHTSA TO: Volvo of America Corporation TITLE: FMVSS INTERPRETATION TEXT: JAN 9 1979 NOA-30 William Shapiro, P.E. Manager, Regulatory Affairs Volvo of America Corporation Rockleigh, New Jersey 07647 Dear Mr. Shapiro: Please excuse the delay in responding to your letter of October 25, 1978. You asked whether a webbing guide you are planning for the rear seat belt in station wagon vehicles would have to comply with the strength requirements of Safety Standard No. 210, Seat Belt Assembly Anchorages. The agency has examined the drawings included in your letter and discussed this new webbing guide with Volvo engineers. We have concluded that the webbing guide would not qualify as an "anchorage" and, therefore, would not have to comply with the Standard 210 requirements for anchorages. The standard defines "anchorage" as a device that transfers seat belt assembly loads to the vehicle structure. Your proposed webbing guide is not intended to transfer loads to the vehicle structure, and will only be added to increase the comfort of the assembly. As you indicated, the device marked "B" on your drawings would qualify as an anchorage and would have to meet the strength requirements of the standard. Sincerely, Joseph J. Levin, Jr. Chief Counsel October 25, 1978 Mr. Joseph J. Levin, Jr. Chief Counsel National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 900 Seventh Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20590 RE: Request for Interpretation - FMVSS No. 210 Dear Mr. Levin: Volvo is planning to modify the belt geometry of the rear seat belt in our station wagons. We will introduce an extra webbing guide, which is marked "A" on the enclosed sketch. This modification will improve the belt use comfort and will thereby encourage increased seat belt usage. It is Volvo's interpretation that this webbing guide is not a seat belt anchorage and is therefore not required to meet the strength requirements of FMVSS No. 210, S4.2. Please confirm whether our interpretation is correct. The device which Volvo uses "for transferring seat belt assembly loads to the vehicle structure", is marked "B" on the enclosed sketch, and is designed to meet the strength requirements of FMVSS No. 210, S4.2. If additional information is required on this issue, don't hesitate to contact me at your convenience. Sincerely yours, VOLVO OF AMERICA CORPORATION Product Planning & Development Manager, Regulatory Affairs WS/dpl ENCLOSURE (1) |
Request an Interpretation
You may email your request to Interpretations.NHTSA@dot.gov or send your request in hard copy to:
The Chief Counsel
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, W41-326
U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE
Washington, DC 20590
If you want to talk to someone at NHTSA about what a request for interpretation should include, call the Office of the Chief Counsel at 202-366-2992.
Please note that NHTSA’s response will be made available in this online database, and that the incoming interpretation request may also be made publicly available.