Countermeasures

Table of Contents

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Use Laws		$	Medium	Short
Strong Child Passenger Safety Laws		$	High	Short
Increased Fines for Seat Belt Law Violations		$	Low	Short

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Short-Term, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement		$$$	Medium	Medium
Short-Term, High-Visibility Child Passenger Safety Law Enforcement		$$$	Medium	Medium
Nighttime, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement		$$$	Unknown	Medium
Sustained Seat Belt Enforcement		Varies	Unknown	Varies

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Communication Strategies for Low-Belt-Use Groups as Part of HVE		Varies	Unknown	Varies
Employer-based Programs		Varies	Unknown	Varies
Programs for Older Children		Varies	Unknown	Varies
Programs for Increasing Child Restraint and Booster Seat Use		Varies	Unknown	Varies
Child Restraint Inspection Stations		$$	High	Short

There are no countermeasures in this category.

Evaluation Metrics Effectiveness:
	Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.
	Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.
	Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.
	Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.
	No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.
These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High	More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium	One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities
Low	Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown	Data not available

Time to implement:
Long	More than 1 year
Medium	More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short	3 months or less
These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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