Countermeasures

Table of Contents

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Universal Motorcycle Helmet Use Laws		$	Medium	Short
GDL for Motorcyclists		$	Medium	Short

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists: Detection, Enforcement, and Sanctions		Varies	Unknown	Varies

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Motorcycle Rider Training		$$	High	Varies
Strategies to Increase Rider Conspicuity and Use of Protective Clothing		Varies	High	Medium

Countermeasure
Motorcycle Helmet Use Promotion Programs
Communication Campaigns Aimed at Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists
Communication Campaigns to Increase Motorist Awareness of Motorcyclists

Evaluation Metrics Effectiveness:
	Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.
	Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.
	Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.
	Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.
	No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.
These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High	More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium	One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities
Low	Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown	Data not available

Time to implement:
Long	More than 1 year
Medium	More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short	3 months or less
These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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